基于稳定同位素技术的高寒草甸高原鼢鼠营养生态位特征  

Study on trophic niche characteristics of plateau zokor(Eospalax baileyi)in Alpine Meadows based on stable isotope technique

作　　者：周睿[1,2] 王志鹏 花立民[1] 邹小玉[2] 汪海波 ZHOU Rui;WANG Zhi-peng;HUA Li-min;ZOU Xiao-yu;WANG Hai-bo(College of Grassland Science,Gansu Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of the Ministry of Education,Lanzhou 730070,China;State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qing-hai University of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine(Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine),Xining 810016,China;Forestry and grassland Station of Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Guoluo 810000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,甘肃省草业工程实验室,中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃兰州730070 [2]省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,青海大学畜牧兽医科学院(青海省畜牧兽医科学院),青海西宁810016 [3]果洛藏族自治州林业和草原站,青海果洛814000

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2024年第2期25-37,共13页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：青海省科学技术厅基础研究计划青年项目(2022-ZJ-964Q);青海大学青年科研基金项目(2021-QNY-7);青海省“昆仑英才·高端创新创业人才”-引进拔尖人才项目资助。

摘　　要：【目的】分析啮齿动物营养生态位特征,了解动物所占据的营养层,揭示啮齿动物在不同时间尺度上的食物资源利用变化。【方法】以祁连山东段高寒草甸栖息的高原鼢鼠(Eospalax baileyi)为研究对象,采用贝叶斯碳氮稳定同位素质量平衡混合模型,分析高原鼢鼠不同组织的食性信息及其营养生态位特征。【结果】高原鼢鼠不同组织中同化的食物种类基本一致,但在食谱中的贡献率各有差异。地上部分蒲公英(Taraxacum mongolicum)在血液(24.33%)、肌肉(19.63%)和毛发(14.00%)组织中的贡献率均最高;地下部分鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina)在不同组织中的贡献率均最高,分别为66.01%,17.79%和10.72%。不同组织中同化食物种类和营养生态位宽度变化一致,在植物地上部分表现为血液(8种,1.742)<肌肉(10种,2.049)<毛发(13种,2.227)组织,植物地下部分为血液(5种,1.100)<肌肉(14种,2.370)<毛发(15种,2.469)组织,且地上和地下植物在高原鼢鼠血液组织(1.100)中的生态位重叠度远低于肌肉(0.447)和毛发(0.566)组织。【结论】高原鼢鼠各组织代表的不同时间尺度的食性信息中,短期食性(血液组织)中同化物种数较少,生态位宽度较小。而在长期食谱(肌肉和毛发组织)中食物种类广泛,生态位宽度变大。且地上和地下植物在高原鼢鼠短期食性中生态位重叠度远低于长期食性。鉴于高原鼢鼠的采食习性,建议在高原鼢鼠危害严重区域,可以通过补播禾本科等优良牧草,降低高原鼢鼠优质食物在其栖息地植物群落中的比例,达到防治高原鼢鼠危害的目的。【Objective】The analysis of the characteristics of rodent nutritional niche can not only help us to under⁃stand the nutrient layer occupied by animals,but also reveal the changes of rodent food resources utilization at differ⁃ent time scales.【Method】In this study,the plateau zokor(Eospalax baileyi)inhabiting the alpine meadow in the east⁃ern part of Qilian Mountain was selected,and the stable isotope mass balance mixed model was used to analyze the foraging information and nutritional niche characteristics of plateau zokor at different time scales.【Result】The results showed that the main food intake of plateau zokor was the same in different tissues,but the contribution rate in diet was different.Among them,the aboveground part of Taraxacum mongolicum had the highest contribution rate in blood(24.33%),muscle(19.63%)and hair(14.00%),while the underground part of Potentilla anserina had the highest contribution rate in different tissues,which were 66.01%,17.79%and 10.72%,respectively.In different tis⁃sues,the changes of food intake and nutritional niche width were the same.In the aboveground part of plants,the re⁃sults were as follows:blood(8 species,1.742)<muscle(10 species,2.049)<hair(13 species,2.227)tissue.In the underground part of plants:blood(5 species,1.100)<muscle(14 species,2.370)<hair(15 species,2.469).The niche overlap of aboveground and underground plants in the blood tissue of plateau zokor(1.100)was much lower than that in muscle(0.447)and hair(0.566).【Conclusion】The above results show that among the foraging information of different time scales represented by each tissue of plateau zokor,the number of ingested species in short⁃term eating habits(blood tissue)is less and the niche width is smaller.On the other hand,in the long⁃term diet(muscle and hair tissue),there are a wide variety of foods and a wider niche width.And the niche overlap of aboveg⁃round and underground plants in the short⁃term foraging habits of plateau zokor is much lower than that of long⁃term fo

关 键 词：高寒草甸 高原鼢鼠 食性 营养生态位 稳定同位素 贝叶斯混合模型 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]