青藏高原川西北牧区一年两季饲草种植模式对土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响  

Effects of planting techniques for two-season forage grass per year on soil enzyme activities in the alpine pasturing area of Northwesten Sichuan in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：杨永强 尹玉林 杜文华[1] YANG Yong-qiang;YIN Yu-lin;DU Wen-hua(College of Grassland Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Key Laboratory for Grassland Ecosystem,Ministry of Education,Grassland Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province,Sino-U.S.Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,甘肃省草业工程实验室,中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2024年第2期57-66,共10页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：甘肃省重点研发计划(20YF8NA129);西藏重大专项(XZ202101ZD003N);国家自然科学基金(31760702)。

摘　　要：【目的】川西北高寒牧区气候寒冷,牧草生长季短,选用抗寒性强的小黑麦品种进行秋播,翌年复种不同作物,可以有效提高土地利用效率和牧草产量。【方法】以8个小黑麦种质(甘农2号小黑麦、甘农3号小黑麦、甘农4号小黑麦、甘农7号小黑麦、藏饲1号小黑麦、小黑麦品系C16、C23、C25)作为秋播材料,次年复种不同作物:B1(50%藏饲1号小黑麦混播50%饲用豌豆),B2(50%藏饲1号小黑麦混播50%箭筈豌豆),B3(50%青甜1号燕麦混播50%饲用豌豆),B4(50%青甜1号燕麦混播50%箭筈豌豆),以研究秋播小黑麦复种不同作物对土壤理化性质(pH值、有机质、全氮、全钾、全磷、速效氮、速效磷及速效钾含量)及土壤酶(过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶及蔗糖酶)活性的影响。【结果】秋播小黑麦复种不同作物后,土壤养分含量及酶活性均有所提高。【结论】秋播甘农4号小黑,翌年麦复种50%藏饲1号小黑麦混播50%饲用豌豆模式对土壤理化及酶活性影响最大,能够改善土壤理化环境及酶活性,有助于提高牧草产量。【Objective】The alpine pastoral area of Northwesten China experiences cold climates,resulting in a short forage growing season.Selecting triticale varieties with strong cold resistance for autumn sowing and rotating crops the following year can effectively enhance land⁃use efficiency and forage yield.【Method】Eight triticale lines(Gannong No.2 triticale,Gannong No.3 triticale,Gannong No.4 triticale,Gannong No.7 triticale,Tibetan feed No.1 triticale,and triticale lines C16,C23,C25,)were autumn sown and replanted with different crops:B1(Ti⁃betan feed No.1 triticale×50%feed pea),B2(50%Tibetan feed No.1 triticale×50%Vicia sativa),B3(50%Qingtian No.1 oats×50%forage pea),B4(50%Qingtian No.1 oats×50%Vicia sativa).The study investi⁃gated the effects of autumn⁃sown triticale and multiple cropping on soil physics and chemistry(pH,organic matter,to⁃tal nitrogen,total potassium,total phosphorus,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium),as well as enzyme activities(catalase,alkaline phosphatase,urease and sucrase).【Result】The results showed that soil enzyme activities improved after autumn⁃sown triticale and multiple cropping.【Conclusion】Overall,autumn⁃sown Gannong No.4 triticale intercropped with 50%Zangsi No.1 triticale×50%forage pea had a significant impact on soil physicochemical and enzyme activities.This approach enhanced soil physicochemical environments,improved en⁃zyme activities,and contributed to increased forage yield.

关 键 词：秋播小黑麦 复种 高寒牧区 土壤理化 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]