垄沟集雨覆盖种植对红豆草根系特征和产量的影响  

Effects of ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting with mulching on roots characteristic and fodder yield of sainfoin

作　　者：张登奎[1] 吕陇 张晓娟 周旭姣 王琦[1] ZHANG Deng-kui;LV Long;ZHANG Xiao-Juan;ZHOU Xu-Jiao;WANG Qi(College of Grassland Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Key Laboratory for Grassland Ecosystem,Ministry of Education,Grassland Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province,Sino-U.S.Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,甘肃省草业工程实验室,中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2024年第2期106-115,共10页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：国家自然基金(41461062)和(41661059)。

摘　　要：【目的】为选择集雨垄的环境友好型覆盖材料,提高中国西北半干旱地区的降雨利用效率。【方法】通过随机区组大田试验,以传统平作为对照,研究3种材料(土壤结皮、生物可降解地膜和普通地膜)覆盖垄的垄沟集雨种植对土壤水热条件、红豆草根系特征、根瘤特征、干草产量和水分利用效率的影响。【结果】垄沟集雨种植显著改善土壤水热状况,增加红豆草根系和根瘤特征值。土壤结皮覆盖垄沟集雨种植显著提高红豆草水分利用效率,但降低红豆草干草产量;生物降解地膜和普通地膜覆盖垄沟集雨种植显著提高红豆草的干草产量和水分利用效率。与传统平作相比,土壤结皮、生物降解地膜和普通地膜覆盖垄沟集雨种植的土壤贮水量分别提高10.64、9.36和2.09 mm,垄上表层土壤温度分别增加2.0、3.4和4.2℃,红豆草根干重分别提高27%、72%和87%,有效根瘤数分别增加2.1、9.1和12.4个,水分利用效率分别提高11.9、23.3和30.0 kg/(hm^(2)·mm)。土壤结皮覆盖垄沟集雨种植的红豆草干草产量比传统平作降低13%,生物降解地膜和普通地膜覆盖垄沟集雨种植的红豆草干草产量比传统平作分别提高11%和23%。由于普通地膜残留极易导致土壤结构恶化和环境污染,不利于农业生产可持续性。【结论】在我国半干旱地区,生物可降解地膜覆盖垄沟集雨种植可作为一种高效、可持续的农业节水生产技术。【Objective】In order to select environmentally friendly mulching materials in ridge⁃furrow rainwater harvesting system(RFRH)and to increase rainwater utilization in a semiarid region of Northwest China.【Method】A field experiment was conducted using a randomized complete design to determine effects three ridge⁃mulching ma⁃terials(manually compacted soil(SR),biodegradable film(BR),and plastic film(PR))on soil water storage,top⁃soil temperature,root characteristics(length,surface area,volume,and weight of roots)and nodule characteristics(number and weight of root nodules),fodder yield,and water use efficiency(WUE)of sainfoin in 2016,using tradi⁃tional flat planting(TP)as a control.【Result】The results showed that the practice of RFRH,especially BR and PR,resulted in increased soil water storage at furrow bottoms and topsoil temperature at ridge tops,and improved root and nodule characteristics of sainfoin.SR increased WUE,but decreased fodder yield.BR and PR increased fod⁃der yield and WUE.Compared with TP,the soil water storage increased by 10.64,9.36 and 2.09 mm,respectively.Topsoil temperature at ridge tops increased by 2.0,3.4 and 4.2℃respectively.Dry root weight increased by 27%,72%and 87%respectively.WUE increased by 11.9,23.3 and 30.0 kg/(hm^(2)·mm)during the sainfoin growth sea⁃sons,respectively for SR,BR and PR.The fodder yield for SR decreased by 13%,but the fodder yield for BR and PR increased by 11%and 23%,respectively.Intensive use of plastic films in agro⁃ecosystems had raised considerable concerns due to the increasing film residues in soils.【Conclusion】The ridge furrow rainwater harvesting mulching with biodegradable film was a suitable tillage technology for sainfoin production in semi⁃arid regions.

关 键 词：生物可降解地膜 红豆草 根瘤 干草产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S541[农业科学—作物学]