论风险预防原则在环境司法适用中的谦抑性  

The Moderation of the Risk Prevention Principle in the Application of Environmental Judicial Practice

作　　者：冷罗生[1] 韩康宁 LENG Luo-sheng;HAN Kang-ning

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学法学院,北京100875

出　　处：《中国地质大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期20-33,共14页Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“比例原则视角下生态环境损害法律责任体系化研究”(22CFX041);北京师范大学法学院学术型研究生专项科研基金课题“风险预防原则在环境司法适用中的谦抑性研究”(2023LAW002)。

摘　　要：风险预防原则在当下环境法中的司法适用,游走在能动与谦抑之间,且呈现出过度能动倾向。“谦抑性”是对风险预防原则适用“分寸”之理论回应,其法理基础可从风险预防原则的规范基础、固有局限以及司法属性等层面予以诠释。风险预防原则在环境法中适用的谦抑性可被解构为“补充性”“有限性”“温和性”和“内敛性”四要素,由此推理出风险预防原则在环境司法中谦抑性适用的制度框架:在实体上,应促成风险预防原则在环境法典上的体现,只有在对照生态环境风险标准的前提下存在科学不确定性时,方能动用风险预防原则,其适用遵循整体温和的类型化理路。在程序上,诉讼推进阶段下的司法适用应严守职权探知界限,配置阶段化举证责任和类型化的诉前程序;案件裁判阶段下的司法适用不得超出认定事实范围,同时应对援引的风险预防原则附加适用理由。The judicial application of the risk prevention principle in current environmental law navigates between activism and restraint,revealing an inclination towards excessive activism in its application.The concept of“moderation”serves as a theoretical response to the application of the risk prevention principle,establishing its legal basis through the interpretation of normative foundations,inherent limitations,and judicial attributes of the principle.The moderation of the risk prevention principle’s application in environmental law can be deconstructed into four elements:supplementarity,limitation,tolerance and introspection.This leads to the deduction of a systematic framework for the moderated application of the risk prevention principle in environmental judicial practice.On the substantive aspect,it is essential to embody the risk prevention principle in environmental codes and to invoke it only when scientific uncertainty exists in comparison with ecological risk standards.Its application excludes special emergency situations and non-reducible rights,following a typified approach that favors broad interpretation.On the procedural aspect,during the litigation advancement phase,a party-centric litigation model should be strictly adhered to,incorporating a phased burden of proof and typified pre-litigation procedures.In the case adjudication stage,judicial application should remain within the confines of established facts and provide additional reasons when invoking the risk prevention principle.

关 键 词：预防性环境公益诉讼 重大风险 风险预防原则 谦抑性 环境司法 

分 类 号：D912.601[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]