原子热运动对电场量子测量的影响及修正方法  

Study on the Influence of Atomic Thermal Motion on Quantum Measurement of Electric Field and its Correction Method

作　　者：阎晟 肖冬萍[1] 石筑鑫 张淮清[1] 刘卫华 Yan Sheng;Xiao Dongping;Shi Zhuxin;Zhang Huaiqing;Liu Weihua(State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology School of Electrical Engineering Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044 China)

机构地区：[1]输变电装备技术全国重点实验室(重庆大学电气工程学院),重庆400044

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2024年第10期2953-2960,共8页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U22B2095);民用航天技术预先研究项目(D010103)资助。

摘　　要：基于里德堡原子电磁诱导透明(EIT)效应的电场量子测量方法,能够突破传统基于电学原理、光学原理测量法在测量精度和灵敏度上的极限,并且具有自校准性。采用热里德堡原子进行测量具有工程应用的便捷性,但是原子热运动形成的多普勒效应会导致EIT谱峰发生频移和形变,混淆电场对原子的相干效应,从而影响电场测量精度。基于激光、电场与原子的作用机理,以及原子热力学,该文提出通过调整探测光和耦合光频率,修正原子热运动对电场量子测量影响的方法。首先,假设里德堡原子静止不动,建立和求解密度矩阵方程,描述双光子阶梯型三能级系统的EIT光谱;然后,引入温度与原子运动数学关系,将温度造成的原子热运动多普勒影响量化为探测光和耦合光频率失谐量,通过修正探测光和耦合光的频率来抵消该影响。仿真实验表明,该文提出的修正方法效果良好,该研究有利于推进基于里德堡原子电场量子测量的实用化进程。The quantum measurement of the electric field based on the electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)effect of the Rydberg atom surpasses the limitations of traditional measuring methods in accuracy and sensitivity,offering self-calibration capability.Ideally,the electric fieldismeasured by stationary cold atoms.However,preparing cold atoms requires multi-lasersynergy and gradient magnetic field coils to reduce the atomtemperature,which needs complex experimental setups,precise operational techniques,and expensive equipment.Using hot atoms at room temperature is convenient in engineering applications.However,the atom’s thermal motion affects the relative velocity between atoms and lasers,resulting in the Doppler effect.Accordingly,frequency shifts and deformations in the EIT spectruminterfere with the coherent effect of the electric field.Mitigating the Doppler effectis essential to enhance the quantum measurement accuracy of theelectric field using hot Rydberg atoms.This paper proposes a method to correct the Doppler effect by adjusting the probe and coupling laserfrequencies.The density matrix equation is established based on the multiphot on interaction with atoms.By solving the equation and deriving the mathematical relationship among the absorption rate of the probe laser,the dispersion rate of the probe laser,and the frequency detuning of the coupled laser in the atomic system,an accurate description of the EIT effect is obtained.Then,the relationship between temperature and atomic motion is introduced to quantify the Doppler effect of atomic thermal motion,which convertsatomic thermal motion into the quantity of probe laser and coupled laser frequency detuning.The Doppler effect on the absorbance and dispersion of the atomic system is analyzed.Finally,the EIT spectrum is corrected by reverselyadjusting the input frequency parameters of lasers based on the calculated quantities.Simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.The results show that the EIT absorption and dispersion curve line

关 键 词：电场测量 里德堡原子 电磁诱导透明 原子热运动 多普勒效应 修正 

分 类 号：TM930.12[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]