‘单瓣红’木芙蓉开花物候研究  

Study on the Flowering Phenology of Single-petal Red Hibiscus Mutabilis L

作　　者：郑斌 石小庆 曹冬梅 田征 谢译贤 黎思佚 权秋梅 ZHENG Bin;SHI Xiaoqin;CAO Dongmei;TIAN Zheng;XIE Yixian;LI Siyi;QUAN Qiumei(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,China West Normal University,Nanchong,Sichuan 637002;Chengdu Botanical Garden,Chengdu,Sichuan 610083;College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010022)

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学环境科学与工程学院,四川南充637002 [2]成都市植物园,四川成都610083 [3]内蒙古师范大学化学与环境科学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《绵阳师范学院学报》2024年第5期72-80,共9页Journal of Mianyang Teachers＇ College

摘　　要：植物的开花物候是有花植物重要的生活史特征,也是传粉生物学所关注的内容之一.以‘单瓣红’木芙蓉为研究对象,通过野外调查与统计分析‘单瓣红’木芙蓉在2020—2021年的开花物候特征,得出结果:(1)‘单瓣红’木芙蓉在晴天时(20℃以上)为开花1 d,在阴雨天气(20℃以下)时,开花持续2 d.晴天的自然结实率显著高于雨天的结实率,因此阴雨天气‘单瓣红’木芙蓉适合度会降低,可能是对传粉者访花频率减少的一种适应.(2)单株和种群开花都集中在10月.单株开花时间持续30~36 d,开花振幅呈现出单峰性.种群开花表现出集中开花的模式.短时间集中开花的展示有利于吸引更多的传粉者,提高繁殖成功率,因此在开花高峰期的结实率显著高于开花早期和晚期.(3)2021年降水量较大的情况下,产花量比2020年减少,所以在2021年的盛花时期的座果率也相对较低.因此‘单瓣红’木芙蓉开花对降温和降水比较敏感,会导致座果率降低而适合度下降.以上研究结果可为阐明‘单瓣红’木芙蓉繁殖机制提供相关科学依据.The flowering phenology of plants is an important life cycle characteristic of flowering plants,and is also one of the focuses of pollination biology.Based on the field survey,the flowering phenology of single-petal red H.mutabilis L was analysed by continuous observation from 2020 to 2021.The results were as follows:(1)the single-petal red H.mutabilis L flowered for one day on sunny days(above 20℃)and flowered for two days on cloudy and rainy days(below 20℃).The natural fruit setting on sunny days was significantly higher than that on rainy days,which the suitability of single-petal red H.mutabilis L would decrease in rainy weather.This might be an adaptation to the reduced frequency of pollinator visits.(2)The flowering of individual plants and populations were concen‐trated in October.The flowering time of a single plant lasted for 30 to 36 days,and the flowering amplitude showed a single peak.The population showed a pattern of mass-flowering in a short period which could be beneficial for attracting more pollinators and improving the success rate of reproduction.Therefore,the fruit setting during the mass-flowering period was significantly higher than that in the early and late flowering stages.(3)The fruit setting during the peak flowering period in 2021 was lower than that in 2020,which the flower yield was lower due to the impact of significant precipitation in 2021.In conclusion,the flowering of single-petal red H.mutabilis L was more sensitive to temperature and precipitation,which could lead to decrease in fruit setting rate and fitness.The above research results can provide relevant scientific basis for elucidating the reproductive mechanism of single-petal red H.mutabilis L.

关 键 词：木芙蓉 生境 开花物候 环境因子 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]