聚变堆气态氚排放的辐射影响  

Study on the radiological effect of the tritium gas released from fussion reactor

作　　者：左庆宁 黄靖云 张君南 王晓亮 白晓平 魏其铭 ZUO Qingning;HUANG Jingyun;ZHANG Junnan;WANG Xiaoliang;BAI Xiaoping;WEI Qiming(China Nuclear Power Engineering Company,Ltd.,Beijing 100080,China)

机构地区：[1]中国核电工程有限公司,北京100080

出　　处：《核技术》2024年第5期37-43,共7页Nuclear Techniques

摘　　要：聚变堆贮存及释放的气态氚的量远高于现行的裂变堆,氚是聚变堆潜在放射性的重要来源。为未来实现聚变堆的安全性及环境友好性,需要研究聚变堆气态氚排放对环境的影响。选取我国东部沿海典型厂址作为研究对象,使用高斯模型预测气态氚释放后的大气弥散规律以及氚气(HT)的干沉积、土壤氧化以及氚化水(HTO)的再蒸发效应,计算了聚变堆1 g的HT在短期释放情况下对周围环境的公众所造成辐射剂量。计算结果显示:在10 m高度处释放的HT对排放点西部方位500~3 000 m处的成人造成的吸入内照射剂量在0.38~0.10 mSv之间,不同距离HTO的再蒸发效应所造成的剂量都是气态氚剂量的主要来源,沉降至土壤中的HT被氧化成HTO的比例及气象条件是决定气态氚剂量的关键参数。研究表明,聚变堆HT释放所造成公众剂量要高于现行的裂变堆,在后续开展聚变堆的相关研究过程中,需要进一步关注其释放的气态氚对环境的辐射效应。[Background]The amount of gaseous tritium stored and released in fusion reactor is higher than that in current fission reactors,so that tritium is an important source of potential radioactivity in fusion reactor.[Purpose]This study aims to investigate the environmental impact of gas tritium emission from fusion reactor for achieving the safety and environmental friendliness of fusion reactor in the future.[Methods]Typical factory sites along the eastern coast of China with the highest frequency east wind direction was selected as the research object,and the Gauss model was employed to predict the atmospheric dispersion of gaseous tritium release and the dry deposition of tritium gas(HT),soil oxidation and re-evaporation of HTO.The radiation dose of 1 g HT in the case of short-term released from fusion reactor to the public in the surrounding environment was calculated.[Results]Calculation results show that the effective dose of inhalation internal irradiation of HT released at 10 m height for adults at 500~3000 m west of the release point ranges from 0.38 mSv to 0.1 mSv.The dose caused by the re-evaporation effect of HTO at different distances is the main source of the dose of gaseous tritium.The proportion of the HT deposited to soil being oxidized to HTO and the atmosphere condition are the key parameter determining the effective dose of the tritium gas.[Conclusions]The study shows that the effective dose of HT released from fusion reactor to public is higher than which released from fission reactor,hence further attention to the environmental impact of the tritium is needed in the research on the fusion reactor subsequently.

关 键 词：聚变堆 气态氚 大气弥散 再蒸发效应 有效剂量 

分 类 号：TL733[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护] TL69