微生物菌剂在不同饲料原料青贮过程中的应用  

Application of Silage Microbial Agents in Different Silage Raw Materials

作　　者：郝若晨 文洋 徐进鹏 杨亚军[1] 蒲万霞[1] HAO Ruochen;WEN Yang;XU Jinpeng;YANG Yajun;PU Wanxia(Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Discovery,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730050,China;Animal Husbandry Company of Jinchang Jujia Ecological Agriculture Co.Ltd.,Jinchang 737100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所,农业农村部兽用药物创制重点实验室,甘肃省新兽药重点实验室,兰州730050 [2]金昌居佳生态农业有限公司牧业公司,金昌737100

出　　处：《中国草食动物科学》2024年第3期76-82,共7页China Herbivore Science

基　　金：甘肃省畜牧兽医局中央农业生产发展资金粮改饲项目(2023);中国农业科学院农业科技创新计划(25-LZIHPS-03)。

摘　　要：青贮饲料是反刍动物的重要饲粮来源,其产量高低和品质优劣影响着畜牧业的发展。由于青贮过程中容易发生有氧腐败,往往导致饲料安全问题,因而为改善这些问题,常在饲料青贮时使用微生物添加剂。可作为饲料添加剂的菌有枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、肠球菌(Enterococcus)、乳杆菌(Lactobacillus)、酵母菌(Yeast)、粪产碱菌(Alcaligenes faecalis)和双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium)等。其中枯草芽孢杆菌主要通过分泌的纤维素胞外酶降解纤维素提高饲料转化率;同型发酵乳酸菌如肠球菌和植物乳杆菌可以降低发酵初期的pH值为后期发酵打下良好基础;异型发酵乳酸菌如布氏乳杆菌会提高青贮饲料的有氧稳定性;酵母菌可以抑制饲料中霉菌的生长;粪产碱菌可以提升木质素的降解效率。文章综述了上述菌株在不同青贮原料中的应用现状,为开发更有效的饲料青贮方式提供参考。Silage is an important feed source for ruminant animal and its yield and quality affect the development of animal husbandry.Due to the easy occurrence of aerobic spoilage in the silage process,which leads to feed safety issues,its use is restricted.To solve these issues,microbial additives were often used in silage.Bacteria that can be used as feed additives include Bacillus subtilis,Enterococcus,Lactobacillus,Yeast,Alcaligenes faecalis,Bifidobacterium,and so on.Bacillus subtilis mainly improve feed conversion rate by secreting cellulose extracellular enzymes to degrade cellulos;Homofermentative lactic bacteria such as Enterococcus and Lactobacillus plantarum lay a good foundation for later fermentation by reducing the pH in the early stage of fermentation;heterofermentative lactic bacteria such as Lactobacillus brucelli can improve the aerobic stability of silage feed;Yeast can inhibit the growth of mold in feed;Alcaligenes faecalis can enhance the efficiency of lignin degradation.This article reviewed the application status of above-mentioned strains in different silage materials,providing reference for the development of more effective feed silage methods.

关 键 词：微生物添加剂 青贮饲料 益生菌 

分 类 号：S816.7[农业科学—饲料科学]