乾嘉道时期新疆北部官营牧羊业研究——以伊犁、塔尔巴哈台牧羊厂为中心  

A Study on the Official Sheep Industry in Northern Xinjiang during the Qianjiadao Period——Centered on Yili and Taerbahatai Sheep Factories

作　　者：刘锦增 袁润龙 LIU Jin-zeng;YUAN Run-long

机构地区：[1]山西大学,山西太原030006

出　　处：《青海民族研究》2024年第1期220-228,共9页Qinghai Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“清朝西北边疆经略史”(批准号:20&ZD230)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：乾隆年间,清政府统一新疆后,为保证驻防官兵的羊只供给,开始在新疆特别是北疆的伊犁、塔尔巴哈台等地设立官方牧羊厂。同时,为保证官营牧羊业的发展,清政府采取包括积极采买、调拨孳生母羊、选用专业牧放人员、建立和完善官营牧羊厂经营管理制度、明确孳生条例在内的一系列措施。伊犁及塔尔巴哈台官营牧羊厂的设立,基本奠定了新疆后续官营牧羊业的发展格局,同时对西北边防后勤保障体系的构建具有重要意义。随着新疆官营牧羊业的迅速发展,新疆驻防官兵羊只供应体系逐步由依赖采买、内地调拨向自给自足的方向转变。新疆官营牧羊业的兴起既推动新疆畜牧业的发展,同时也为新疆政局的稳定提供了助力。During the reign of Qianlong,the Qing government unified Xinjiang and established official sheep herding factories in Yili and Taerbahatai in northern Xinjiang to ensure a steady supply of sheep for the officers and soldiers stationed there.To ensure the development of the official sheep industry,the Qing government took several measures.These included purchasing and allocating breeding ewes,selecting professional herding personnel,establishing and improving the operation and management system of official sheep factories,and clarifying breeding regulations.The establishment of Yili and Taerbahatai official sheep factories laid the foundation for the development of the official sheep industry in Xinjiang.This was significant for constructing the logistics support system of northwest border defense.The official sheep industry in Xinjiang has rapidly developed,leading to a shift in the sheep supply system for officers and soldiers stationed in the region from reliance on purchasing and inland allocation to self-sufficiency.This development not only promotes animal husbandry in Xinjiang but also contributes to the stability of the region’s political situation.

关 键 词：乾嘉道年间 新疆 伊犁 塔尔巴哈台 官营牧羊业 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]