卢德运动浪漫史与唯物史观关于“捣毁”的批判  

The Romantic History of the Luddite Movement and the Critique of the materialistic view of History on“Destroy”

作　　者：赖诗奇 LAI Shiqi(School of Marxism,Fudan University)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《当代中国价值观研究》2024年第2期64-74,共11页Chinese Journal of Contemporary Values

摘　　要：发起于18世纪末的英国的卢德运动是资本主义史上最经典的捣毁机器运动,从工业界到文艺界,它深刻吸引了英国浪漫主义诗人参与其中。卢德诗人自发形成“诗意的铁锤”式主张,其具有机器敌托邦(dystopia)批判的典型形态、反个人主义英雄的主体性追求和构建评价标准多元化的活动纲领,实质地促进了卢德运动从英国走向欧洲大陆。但是,捣毁机器运动在欧陆的“本土化”过程中产生了诸种非理性状态的“变形”,这表现为捣毁工厂机器,以及包括受活动家煽动而捣毁寺庙和为阻拦阅读传播而发起的捣毁印刷机等。从捣毁机器运动到“捣毁”乱象本身,马克思和恩格斯以卢德运动为反观,提出了“要捣毁的不是机器,是机器的资本主义应用”的经典论断。考察卢德运动浪漫史和唯物史观对“捣毁”的批判,为综合分析评价卢德运动的社会历史意义、进一步深入研究无产阶级革命理论的形成与发展提供了一定的启发。The Luddite movement,which was launched in Britain at the end of the 18th century,is the most classic machine-busting movement in the history of capitalism,and it deeply attracted the participation of English Romantic poets from the industrial world to the literary world.The Luddite poets spontaneously formed the“poetic hammer”type of advocacy,which has the typical form of machine's enemy state criticism,the pursuit of anti-individualist hero's subjectivity,and the construction of a pluralistic evaluation standard of the program of activities,which substantially promoted the Luddite movement from Britain to the European continent.However,the“localization”of the Luddite movement in continental Europe produced various irrational“deformations”,which were not only the intensifying destruction of factory machines,but also the destruction of temples and the destruction of printing presses,which were instigated by activists in order to stop the dissemination of reading.The destruction of printing presses and so on.From the campaign to destroy the machines to the“destruction”of the chaos itself,Marx and Engels took the Luddite movement as a counterpoint to the classic assertion that“it is not the machines that are to be destroyed,but their capitalist application”,insisting on the necessity of radical critique and class revolution.By examining the romantic history of the Luddite movement and critiquing the“destroy”itself,this provides a certain perspective for comprehensively analysing and evaluating the sociohistorical significance of the Luddite movement,and for further in-depth research into the formation and development of the theory of proletarian revolution.

关 键 词：捣毁机器 卢德运动浪漫史 激进政治行动 非理性文化与传播 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]