Flavonoid extracts from chrysanthemum with appropriate anthocyanins turn blue when exposed to iron ions  

作　　者：Yanfei Li Jiaying Wang Chenfei Lu Zhongman Wang Chengyan Deng Kang Gao Jingjing Li Zhijun Fang Hao Liu Yan Hong Silan Dai 

机构地区：[1]Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation&Molecular Breeding,National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture,Beijing,Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment,Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education,School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China [2]Beijing Greenland Maintenance and Management Service Center,Beijing 102211,China [3]Beijing North Asia Landscape Co.,Beijing 102211,China

出　　处：《Horticultural Plant Journal》2024年第3期837-852,共16页园艺学报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.32171849 and 32271946).

摘　　要：Although some species that accumulate only cyanidin(Cy)in nature can produce blue flowers through iron ions,there has been no evidence of blue chrysanthemums being generated in this manner.This study revealed that flavonoid extracts from the ray florets of the chrysanthemum cultivar‘Wandai Fengguang’turned blue when exposed to Fe^(3+).Samples that could turn blue were labeled as CB(Cy-determined blue flowers),while samples that did not turn blue were labeled as CN(Cy-determined non-blue flowers).After a series of experiments,a stable screening system was established using flavonoid extracts containing NaAc buffer at pH 5.5 and a total anthocyanin concentration(TAC)of 30 μmol·L^(-1),and the addition of Fe^(3+)from 0 to 0.25 μmol·L^(-1)allowed for the selection of five CB samples from 39 chrysanthemum cultivars.All five CB samples exhibited flower color phenotypes that belonged to Cluster-I with redness(a*)values ranging from 29.03 to 45.99,yellowness(b*)values from-11.31 to 3.77,and brightness(L*)values from 29.07 to 45.99.Additionally,the ratio of TAC to total luteolin concentration(TLC)was found to be a critical factor for distinguishing between CB and CN samples.To realize the desired blue hue in the flavonoid extracts with the participation of Fe^(3+),a TAC to TLC ratio of 2.25 and above is required.Moreover,the protoplasts and ray florets of CB samples that turned blue with the involvement of Fe^(2+)showed great potential for cultivating blue chrysanthemums through ferric-anthocyanin chelate.Overall,this study reveals that blue flowers can be cultivated through the increase in the iron ion concentration,combined with the accumulation of Cy.

关 键 词：Chrysanthemum×morifolium CYANIDIN Copigment Ferric-anthocyanin chelate Blue flower 

分 类 号：S682.11[农业科学—观赏园艺]