异氰酸酯硬段对聚脲弹性体性能的影响  

Influence of Isocyanate Hard Segments on Properties of Polyurea Elastomers

作　　者：杨周 李赓[1] 白威[2] 王吉星 于小荣[1] 杨欢[1] 苏高申[1] YANG Zhou;LI Geng;BAI Wei;WANG Jixing;YU Xiaorong;YANG Huan;SU Gaoshen(College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434023,China;Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610042,China;School of Petroleum Engineering,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学化学与环境工程学院,湖北荆州434023 [2]中国科学院成都有机化学研究所,四川成都610042 [3]长江大学石油工程学院,湖北武汉430100

出　　处：《塑料工业》2024年第4期180-188,共9页China Plastics Industry

基　　金：中国石油科技创新基金(2019D-5007-0503)。

摘　　要：异氰酸酯的分子结构对聚脲弹性体的理化性能影响巨大,为探究异氰酸酯分子结构的变化对聚脲弹性体自修复效率和力学强度的影响规律,选择了4种不同分子结构的异氰酸酯:异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、4,4′-二异氰酸酯二环己基甲烷(HMDI)、4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI),通过和聚醚胺反应得到了具有不同硬段结构的弹性体:SPU-IP、SPU-HM、SPU-M和SPU-H。通过红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、动态热机械分析(DMA)和黏度等测试研究了异氰酸酯的分子结构对聚脲弹性体性能的影响机理。结果表明,具有刚性芳香和结晶硬片段的SPU-M和SPU-H,具有紧密的硬段结构域,材料力学强度更高,SPU-IP中不对称的脂环结构提供了足够的链迁移率,材料自修复性能更好。而SPU-M和SPU-IP自修复效率相当,由于SPU-M中苯环位阻较大,导致氢键化羰基大多以无序形式存在,增强了材料的自修复效率。The isocyanate molecular structures have great influences on the physical and chemical properties of polyurea elastomers.In order to explore the influences of the changes of isocyanate molecular structures on the self-healing efficiency and mechanical strength of polyurea elastomers,four kinds of isocyanates with different molecular structures were selected:isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI),4,4′-diisocyanate dicyclohexyl methane(HMDI),4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate(MDI)and hexamethylene diisocyanate(HDI).Through the reactions between four kinds of isocyanates and polyether amine,elastomers with different hard segment structures were obtained(SPU-IP,SPU-HM,SPU-M and SPU-H).The influence mechanisms of isocyanate molecular structures on the properties of polyurea elastomers were studied by infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA)and viscosity test.The results show that SPU-M and SPU-H with rigid aromatic groups and crystalline hard segments have tight hard segment domains and higher mechanical strength.The asymmetric alicyclic structures in SPU-IP provide sufficient chain mobility and better self-healing properties.The self-healing efficiencies of SPU-M and SPU-IP are comparable.Due to the large steric hindrance of benzene rings in SPU-M,most of the hydrogen-bonded carbonyl groups exist in a disordered form,which enhances the self-healing efficiency of the materials.

关 键 词：聚脲 异氰酸酯 氢键 自修复 力学强度 

分 类 号：TQ323.8[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]