Low-noise and low-power pixel sensor chip for gas pixel detectors  

作　　者：Zhuo Zhou Shi-Qiang Zhou Dong Wang Xiang-Ming Sun Chao-Song Gao Peng-Zhen Zhu Wei-Ping Ren Jun Liu Mu-Xian Li Chen Lian Chun-Lai Dong 

机构地区：[1]PLAC,Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics(MOE),Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China

出　　处：《Nuclear Science and Techniques》2024年第3期142-152,共11页核技术（英文）

基　　金：supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFE0202002);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11875146 and U1932143)。

摘　　要：Topmetal-M2 is a large-area pixel sensor chip fabricated using the GSMC 130 nm CMOS process in 2021.The pixel array of Topmetal-M2 consists of pixels of 400 rows×512 columns with a pixel pitch of 45μm×45μm.The array is divided into 16 subarrays,with pixels of 400 rows×32 columns per subarray.Each pixel incorporates two charge sensors:a diode sensor and a Topmetal sensor.The in-pixel circuit primarily consists of a charge-sensitive amplifier for energy measurements,a discriminator with a peak-holding circuit,and a time-to-amplitude converter for time-of-arrival measurements.The pixel of Topmetal-M2 has a charge input range of~0-3 k e-,a voltage output range of~0-180 mV,and a charge-voltage conversion gain of~59.56μV∕e-.The average equivalent noise charge of Topmetal-M2,which includes the readout electronic system noise,is~43.45 e-.In the scanning mode,the time resolution of Topmetal-M2 is 1 LSB=1.25μs,and the precision is^()7.41μs.At an operating voltage of 1.5 V,Topmetal-M2 has a power consumption of~49 mW∕cm~2.In this article,we provide a comprehensive overview of the chip architecture,pixel working principles,and functional behavior of Topmetal-M2.Furthermore,we present the results of preliminary tests conducted on Topmetal-M2,namely,alpha-particle and soft X-ray tests.

关 键 词：Charge collection Gas detectors Semiconductor detectors X-ray detectors 

分 类 号：O572.212[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理] TP212[理学—物理]