陶渊明《归去来兮辞》是“文”吗?——兼论“辞”的文体特点  

Is Tao Yuanming s Returning Home Song an Essay:On the Stylistic Characteristics of“Ci”

作　　者：李定广[1] 丁震寰 LI Ding-guang;DING Zhen-huan

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2024年第5期34-43,共10页Social Sciences of Beijing

摘　　要：陶渊明《归去来兮辞》,高中《语文》课本定为“文”,而当代研究著作及诗文选本中,或被归为“诗”,或被归为“文”,使得《归去来兮辞》文体归属成了疑难问题。经考察,《归去来兮辞》在宋前被归于“辞”或“诗”无异议,宋代开始有人将其视作“文”。“辞”作为文体概念时有两重含义,其一指“楚辞体”的诗,与“骚”实为一体异名,这一文体常与“赋”发生混淆。较之于“赋”,在文体形式上“辞”在句中或句末多带有“兮”字或其他语气助词;在文体属性上“辞”更多的是直接自我抒情,与“赋”以铺陈体物为主有别;文体写作上“辞”的感情流动是作品内部生发的,即所谓“潜气内转”,“赋”则多靠使用关联词连接意脉。其二指歌词,这一文体概念后来被“词”包含。《归去来兮辞》完全符合“辞”的文体特点,本质属性是诗,在当下文体分类中应该归于诗而非文。Tao Yuanming s Returning Home Song was designated as“an essay”in the high school Chinese textbook.But in contemporary research works and selected poetries and proses,it is either classified as“a poem”or“an essay”,making the attribution of the style of Returning Home Song become a difficult problem.After investigation,it was found that before the Song Dynasty,Returning Home Song was classified as“Ci”or“poem”with no doubts and controversies.Starting from the Song Dynasty,some people regarded it as“an essay”.In fact,“Ci”has two meanings when used as a literary concept.One is that Chu ci style poetry,which is synonymous with“Sao”style poetry,and is often confused with“Fu”.Compared to“Fu”,“Ci”often carries the word“xi”or other modal particles in the sentence or at the end of the sentence in terms of literary form;in terms of stylistic attributes,“Ci”is more about directly expressing emotions of one s own,while“Fu”mainly focuses on presenting objects and even includes narrative discussions;the emotional flow of Ci in literary writing is generated within the work,while Fu often relies on the use of connecting words to connect the flow of meaning.The second is that as lyrics,and this literary concept was later included in“Ci”.The poem Returning Home Song fully conforms to the stylistic characteristics of“Fu”,and its essential attribute is poetry.In the current classification of literary genres,it should be classified as a poem rather than an essay.

关 键 词：《归去来兮辞》 辞 文体归属 辞赋差异 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]