法经济学视域下违约可得利益损失的认定  

The Identification of the Loss of Interest in Breach of Contract from the Perspective of Law and Economics

作　　者：张曦 Zhang Xi

机构地区：[1]上海市第二中级人民法院,上海200070

出　　处：《湖湘法学评论》2024年第2期89-100,共12页HUXIANG LAW REVIEW

摘　　要：当前司法实践在违约可得利益损失“事实”与“数额”之认定上仍存在诸多问题,如违约可得利益损失赔偿支持率及支持数额低,可预见性规则适用率低且局限于概念性适用,应预见内容及适用标准不统一,大量援引“确定性规则”,数额与事实“等量齐观”,等等。基于法经济学视角,可推演出可预见性规则有促进交易之价值,但亦可推知其存在固有缺陷。故应完善可预见性规则,使违约可得利益损失“事实”认定更明确,引入“确定性规则”使其“数额”具体化,以完善我国违约可得利益损失认定规则体系。在此基础上,宜采“约定→法定(可预见性规则→‘确定性规则’→其他限制规则)”递进式审查路径来认定违约可得利益损失“总额”与“净额”,进而明确市场预期,促进交易。Many problems still exist in determining the“fact”and“amount”of losses of liquidated damages,If the support rate and amount of benefits available for breach of contract are low,the application rate of foreseeable rules is low and conceptually applicable,the content and application standards that should be foreseen are not unified,a large number of deterministic rules are cited,and the amount and fact are viewed equally.Based on the perspective of law and economics,it can be inferred that foreseeable rules have a value in promoting transactions,which is the basis of legitimacy.However,it can also be inferred that they have inherent defects.Therefore,it is necessary to improve the foreseeable rules to make the determination of the“fact”of the obtainable interest in breach of contract clearer,and introduce certainty rules to concretize its“amount”,in order to improve the system of rules for determining the obtainable interest in breach of contract in China.On this basis,it is recommended to adopt a progressive review path of“agreement→statutory(foreseeable rules→deterministic rules→other restrictive rules)”to determine the“total”and“net”amount of losses of the breach of contract,thereby clarifying market expectations and promoting transactions.

关 键 词：违约可得利益损失 可预见性规则 确定性规则 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]