土壤封闭型除草剂对油菜田土壤细菌多样性的影响  

Effects of soil-applied herbicides on bacterial community structure and diversity of rapeseed field soil

作　　者：李仪 覃微为 任体容 程家森[1] 刘浩[1] 黄俊斌[1] 郑露[1] LI Yi;QIN Wei-wei;REN Ti-rong;CHENG Jia-sen;LIU Hao;HUANG Jun-bin;ZHENG Lu(College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology,Wuhan China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/农业微生物资源发掘与利用全国重点实验室/湖北省作物病害监测与安全控制重点实验室,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2024年第2期324-333,共10页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200902);国家油菜产业技术体系(CARS13)。

摘　　要：土壤封闭除草是一种有效的油菜田化学除草措施。为评估不同土壤封闭型除草剂对油菜田土壤微生物的影响,使用16S rRNA扩增子测序技术分析了四种常用土壤封闭型除草剂甲草胺、异丙甲草胺、乙草胺及精异丙甲草胺处理后土壤微生物结构及多样性的变化情况。结果表明,土壤封闭型除草剂处理会导致油菜田土壤细菌多样性显著下降,其中甲草胺处理影响最大;但在除草剂处理一段时间后土壤中细菌群落多样性与丰富度逐渐恢复。土壤封闭型除草剂处理对油菜土壤中放线菌门、酸杆菌门等影响较大,甲草胺较其他土壤封闭型除草剂处理中土壤细菌在门水平上变化最大。土壤封闭型除草剂处理60 d后能增加与污染物降解、反硝化、光合作用、抑制病原菌生长、根际促生相关功能细菌的丰度;减少与吸收营养、排泄代谢物相关的功能细菌的丰度。综合研究结果,土壤封闭型除草剂对油菜田土壤微生物多样性和群落结构有一定影响,但随着处理时间推移,除草剂对土壤微生物多样性影响程度逐渐降低。Soil sealing treatment is an effective chemical weed control method in rapeseed field.To evaluate the effects of different soil-applied herbicides on soil microorganisms in rapeseed field,16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to analyze the changes in soil microbial structure and diversity after treatment with four commonly used soil-applied herbicides alachlor,acetochlor,metochlor and s-metolachlor.The results showed that soil-applied herbicide treatments could significantly reduce soil bacterial diversity in rapeseed fields,and alachlor had the greatest effect on soil bacterial diversity.However,after a period of herbicide treatment,the diversity and richness of the soil bacterial community gradually recovered.Soil-applied herbicide treatment had great influence on Actinomycetes,Acidobacteria and others in rapeseed soil,and alachlor treatment showed the greatest change in soil bacteria at phylum level compared with other herbicides.After 60 days of treatment with soil-applied herbicides,the abundances of functional bacteria related to pollutant degradation,denitrification,photosynthesis,pathogen growth inhibition and rhizosphere growth promotion were increased,whereas functional bacteria associated with the absorption of nutrients and excretion of metabolites were reduced.Overall,the results indicated that the soil-applied herbicides had a certain effect on soil microbial diversity and community structure in rapeseed field,but the effect of herbicides on soil microbial diversity gradually decreased along with the time of treatment.

关 键 词：油菜 土壤封闭 除草剂 微生物群落 多样性 

分 类 号：S451.224[农业科学—植物保护]