辽宁花生种植的霜冻危险性分析  

Hazard analysis of peanut frost in Liaoning

作　　者：王贺然 李迎春[2] 韩雪[2] 陈鹏狮 李晶 刘东明 张硕 WANG He-ran;LI Ying-chun;HAN Xue;CHEN Peng-shi;LI Jing;LIU Dong-ming;ZHANG Shuo(Ecological Meteorology and Satellite Remote Sensing Center of Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110166,China;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Liaoning Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning Centre,Shenyang 110166,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省生态气象和卫星遥感中心,辽宁沈阳110166 [2]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [3]辽宁省气象灾害监测预警中心,辽宁沈阳110166

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2024年第2期420-429,共10页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项(2019YFA0607403;2017YFD0300301);第一次全国自然灾害综合风险普查;中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所区域合作项目(2020SYIAEHZ1);东北区域气象中心科技创新联合攻关任务合作项目(2019QYLH3)。

摘　　要：热量条件是我国花生北扩的限制性因素,霜冻是东北花生种植的突出问题。辽宁是我国重要的花生出口省,花生已成为第三大作物。本文从致灾角度研究霜冻对辽宁花生种植的危险性,对保障新兴产区油料作物的面积稳定和生产安全意义重大。本文利用辽宁省1961-2020年56个气象站的60年日最低气温资料,识别花生生长季内的春、秋霜日数和初、终霜日,评估花生种植的春霜危险性和秋霜危险性,分析当前播种期和收获期在降低霜冻风险上的作用。研究发现辽宁花生的秋霜危险性从西南向东北增加,春霜危险性从南向北增加。各站点日霜冻概率在秋季呈“S”型增加,在春季呈反“S”型降低,从0到首次达到100%或从最后一次出现100%到稳定达到0均需经历2个月左右时间。可将播种界限温度对应日期至初霜日之间的时段视为东北花生安全生长期。秋霜对辽宁花生的影响大于春霜,主产区中阜新、沈阳中北部和铁岭地区秋霜危险性较高,需推迟收获期以避免秋季冻害;大部分主产区可推迟播种期以避免春季冻害,但需考虑对成熟期的影响。秋收期霜冻遭遇土壤偏湿可能成为新挑战。The northward expansion of peanut cultivation in China is limited by the availability of heat resources,and frost poses a significant challenge to peanut planting in Northeast China.Peanut is the 3rd largest crop in Liaoning province,which is an important exporter of peanuts in China.This paper studied the hazard of frost to peanut cultivation from a disaster-causing perspective,which is of great significance for ensuring the area stability and production safety of oil crops in emerging production areas.Based on the daily minimum temperature data of 56 meteorological stations in Liaoning from 1961 to 2020,the number of spring and autumn frost days were identified,as well as the first and last frost dates during the peanut growing season.The risks of spring frost and autumn frost in peanut cultivation were evaluated and the adaptability of current sowing and harvesting periods in reducing the frost risk in Liaoning was assessed.The results showed that the risk of autumn frost increased from southwest to northeast in Liaoning,while the risk of spring frost increased from south to north.The probability of daily frost occurrence exhibited an"S"shape during autumn and an inverse"S"shape during spring.It took approximately two months for the probability to increase from 0%to 100%and vice versa.The safe growth period for peanuts in Northeast China can be defined as the time between the corresponding date of the sowing lower limit temperature and the date of first frost.Autumn frost has a greater impact on peanut cultivation in Liaoning compared to spring frost.To avoid autumn freezing damage in the highest risk areas such as Fuxin city,the north-central part of Shenyang city and Tieling city,which are the main peanut-producing regions in Liaoning,it is necessary to postpone the harvesting date.While spring freezing damage in most major peanut-producing regions in Liaoning can be avoided by postponing the sowing date,the impact on the harvesting date must also be considered.Frost and wet soil during the autumn harvesting

关 键 词：霜冻 危险性 花生 东北地区 低温灾害 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学] S425S166