细菌群落主导沙漠公路防护林营造后的土壤功能变化  

Bacterial communities rather than fungal communities driven soil functions after desert highway shelterbelts construction

作　　者：林力涛 刘煜杰[1] 王玉刚[2,3] 张超 冯文婷 LIN Litao;LIU Yujie;WANG Yugang;ZHANG Chao;FENG Wenting(Center for Ecological Civilization Research,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,China;Fukang Station of Desert Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Fukang 831505,China;School of Grassland Science,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院生态文明理论研究中心,北京100012 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830011 [3]中国科学院新疆阜康荒漠生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,阜康831505 [4]北京林业大学草业与草原学院,北京100083

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第9期3612-3622,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42077023,42371126);国家重点研发计划(2021YFE0114500)。

摘　　要：防护林作为沙漠公路的安全保护屏障,其生长和应对胁迫所需的养分供给依赖于土壤微生物。以塔里木沙漠公路防护林和自然沙漠为研究系统,探究土壤细菌和真菌群落、两种生境共有和特有微生物物种变化对土壤物质循环功能的驱动作用。结果显示,土壤细菌和真菌物种丰富度(P<0.01,P<0.01)及群落组成(P<0.05,P<0.01)均受防护林营造的显著影响,细菌物种丰富度的响应增幅为77.5%,高于真菌22.1%。细菌群落是导致土壤酶活性升高的显著驱动因素,而非真菌群落或环境因子;细菌物种丰富度(rho=0.46,P<0.01)和群落组成(rho=0.68,P<0.01)与土壤酶之间呈显著偏Mantel相关。共有细菌相对丰度(rho=0.47,P<0.01)和特有细菌物种丰富度(rho=0.36,P<0.01)是驱动土壤酶活性改善的关键因素,与土壤酶之间呈显著偏Mantel相关。研究表明,沙漠公路防护林土壤细菌而非真菌主导微生物群落的响应,细菌群落通过改变本地物种丰度和新物种数量来调控土壤功能。Shelterbelt forests act as a powerful barrier for the safety of the desert highways through preventing wind and fixing sand.In terms of the extremely dry and nutrient⁃deficient desert soils,the shelterbelt forests along the desert highway highly depend on soil microbes to provide the nutrients for plant growth.This study investigated the microbial communities and enzymatic activities ranging from 0 to 60 cm soil depths in the Tarim Desert Highway shelterbelt forests and the natural desert.Since bacteria and fungi have distinct resource use strategies,the investigation aimed to determine which microbial groups,bacteria or fungi,as well as the habitat⁃co⁃observed taxa in both forests and deserts or habitat⁃specific taxa,were the driving factors of the soil nutrient⁃cycling functions.Results showed that the bacteria and fungi in the shelterbelt forests had higher species richness compared to those in the deserts(P<0.01 and P<0.01,respectively).The community composition of the bacteria and fungi in the shelterbelt forests significantly varied from that in the adjacent natural desert(P<0.05 and P<0.01,respectively).Bacteria exhibited a larger increase of 77.5%in terms of species richness compared to fungi′s 22.1%,as well as a greater variation of 77%in terms of community composition compared to fungi′s 17%.The soil enzymatic activities in the shelterbelt forests were significantly higher than those in the deserts(P<0.01).The increases in soil enzymatic activity in shelterbelt forests were driven by bacterial community,rather than environmental factors or the fungal community.The partial Mantel test demonstrated that there is a significant correlation between soil enzymatic activities and both the species richness and community composition of bacteria(rho=0.46,P<0.01 and rho=0.68,P<0.01,respectively).When other variables were controlled for,the abundance of habitat⁃co⁃observed bacteria and the species richness of habitat⁃specific bacteria(rho=0.47,P<0.01 and rho=0.36,P<0.01,respectively)were signifi

关 键 词：多样性 塔里木沙漠公路 防护林 细菌 真菌 土壤酶 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学]