我国东北地区苍术的生境适宜性评价  

Habitat suitability assessment of the authentic medicinal herb Atractylodes lancea in Northeast China

作　　者：叶吉[1] 田树国 孙海红 何海燕 王浙吉 潘学宗 Ye Ji;TIAN Shuguo;SUN Haihong;HE Haiyan;WANG Zheji;PAN Xuezong(Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;Forestry Affairs Center of Dalian Jinpu New District,Dalian 116000,China;Liaoning Poplar Research Institute,Gaizhou 115213,China;Jilin Changbai Mountain Protection Development Management Committee Government Offices Center,Antu 133613,China;Dalian Municipal Public Utility Service Center,Dalian 116021,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]大连金普新区林业事务中心,大连116000 [3]辽宁省杨树研究所,盖州115213 [4]吉林省长白山保护开发区管理委员会机关事务管理中心,安图133613 [5]大连市市政公用事业服务中心,大连116021

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第9期3736-3744,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1300500);辽宁省科技特派行动专项计划“辽宁省北票中草药生态培育科技特派团”项目。

摘　　要：苍术(Atractylodes lancea)是我国东北地区的道地药材,市场需求日益增加,人们种植意愿浓厚。然而,当前苍术人工栽培种源杂乱、存活率低、产量及品质参差不齐,原因在于对苍术的适宜生存环境缺乏科学判断。针对东北地区苍术的自然分布数据和环境变量数据,应用最大熵模型(Maxent)和地理信息系统(GIS)对其生境适宜性进行评估和区划。结果表明:苍术在我国东北地区主要分布于辽西山地、小兴安岭、长白山及其余脉,生境适宜区(P>0.5)面积为10.96万km^(2),占东北地区总面积的8.84%;影响苍术分布的6个主要环境因子(贡献率)依次为年均降水量(26.5%)、最暖季平均温度(18.6%)、降水量季节性变异系数(16.6%)、海拔(12.2%)、年平均气温(11%)、最冷季降水量(5.2%),累计贡献率超过90%,水分因子(年均降水量+降水量季节性变异系数)比温度因子(最暖季平均温度+年平均气温)对苍术的分布影响更大;根据对苍术主要生境适宜区的分析,苍术在东北地区可能存在两种气候生态型,即辽西的耐旱型、长白山的耐寒型。综上所述,在发展苍术种植产业的过程中,除了应关注苍术的适宜分布区以外,还应充分考虑不同区域种源的生态需求,以避免由于盲目引种而导致的种植损失。Atractylodes lancea,an authentic medicinal herb indigenous to the Northeastern China,has experienced a significant surge in market demand,accompanied by a strong inclination among the populace towards cultivating it.However,the artificial cultivation of A.lancea has chaotic provenance,low survival rate,and uneven yield and quality.The important reason is the lack of scientific understanding of the suitable environmental conditions of A.lancea.This paper uses the Maxent model and Geographic Information System(GIS)to evaluate and classify the habitat suitability of A.lancea based on the data encompassing the natural distribution points of the herb in the northeastern region and relevant environmental variables.The results show that A.lancea is mainly grown in the mountains of western Liaoning,Xiaoxing′an Mountains,Changbai Mountain and their secondary mountain ranges.The suitable habitat area(P>0.5)spans approximately 109600 km^(2),accounting for 8.84%of the total land area in the northeastern region.Among the various environmental factors examined,six principal contributors(Contribution Rate)are identified,namely mean annual precipitation(26.5%),mean temperature of warmest quarter(18.6%),precipitation seasonality(16.6%),elevation(12.2%),annual mean temperature(11.0%),and precipitation of the coldest quarter(5.2%).Cumulatively,these factors account for over 90%of the observed influence,with water availability(annual precipitation and precipitation seasonality)exerting a more pronounced impact on A.lancea distribution than temperature(mean temperature of warmest quarter and annual mean temperature).According to the analysis of the main suitable habitat areas of A.lancea,ithas formed two climate ecotypes in the Northeast China,namely the drought⁃tolerant type in western Liaoning and the cold⁃tolerant type in Changbai Mountain.In summary,in the process of developing the A.lancea planting industry,in addition to paying attention to the ecological suitability zoning of A.lancea,the ecological needs of provenances

关 键 词：苍术 生态型 生境适宜性 Maxent模型 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]