城市建成区自生草本植物群落的物种多样性与功能多样性——以深圳市为例  

Species and functional diversity of spontaneous herb communities in urban built⁃up areas:a case study of Shenzhen City

作　　者：潘妮 闵钰婷 赵娟娟[1] 张曼琳 白泽鹏 卿晨 李建 PAN Ni;MIN Yuting;ZHAO Juanjuan;ZHANG Manlin;BAI Zepeng;QING Chen;LI Jian(College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学园艺园林学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第9期3759-3774,共16页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41671515,52078346);深圳市人居环境委员会生态文明建设处项目(SZCG2017151338)。

摘　　要：城市自生草本植物的物种多样性和功能多样性直接影响城市生态系统的功能和稳定性,但目前相关研究依然很缺乏。以深圳市为例,基于建成区600个1hm2样地的现场调查数据,分析自生草本植物的群落结构、物种多样性、群落功能特征及功能多样性。结果显示:①调查共记录自生草本植物61科178属273种,其中多年生草本占54.6%,乡土植物占65.6%。②占明显优势的功能特征有中小型叶(91.85%)、草质叶(42.59%)、纸质叶(32.96%)、叶片无毛或近无毛(56.67%)、中等密度绒毛(40.37%)、叶面较粗糙(52.59%)、花期4—6个月(50.78%)、果期4—6个月(49.22%)、干果(86.03%)。③群落类型间功能丰富度FDp、功能离散度Rao二次熵差异极显著(P<0.01)、功能均匀度FEve差异显著(P<0.05)。④公园绿地的物种多样性指数明显高于其他三类绿地;不同绿地类型间的功能丰富度和功能离散度在滞尘、降噪、降温增湿及生物多样性保护方面都有极显著差异(P<0.01),功能均匀度只在滞尘及生物多样性保护方面差异极显著(P<0.01)。⑤各功能多样性指数均与Margalef指数、Simpson指数及Shannon⁃Wiener指数呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。研究结论和方法为维护城市生态系统稳定性、建设生态宜居城市、促进城市可持续发展提供理论依据。Species and functional diversity of spontaneous herb communities directly affect the functionality and stability of urban ecosystems,but relevant studies are still limited.In this paper,taking Shenzhen City as a case study,we analyzed the community structure,species diversity,functional traits,and functional diversity of spontaneous herbs based on the field survey data of 600 sample plots with 1 hm2 sample plots in the built⁃up area.The results showed that:①A total of 273 species,178 genera,and 61 families of spontaneous herbs were recorded in the survey,with perennial and native herbs accounting for 54.6%and 65.6%,respectively.②Predominant functional traits were small and medium⁃sized leaves(91.85%),herbaceous leaves(42.59%),papery leaves(32.96%),glabrous or subglabrous leaves(56.67%),moderately densely tomentose(40.37%),rougher foliage surface(52.59%),flowering period of 4—6 months(50.78%),fruiting period of 4—6 months(49.22%),and dry fruits(86.03%).③The differences among plant communities were extremely significant for functional richness FDp,functional dispersion Rao quadratic entropy(P<0.01),and significant for functional evenness FEve (P<0.05). ④ The species diversity index of park green space was significantly higher than theother three types of green space. The functional richness and functional dispersion had extremely significant differencesamong green space types in dust retention, noise reduction, temperature and humidity reduction, and biodiversityconservation ( P < 0. 01). The difference in functional homogeneity was highly significant only in dust retention andbiodiversity conservation (P<0.01). ⑤ All functional diversity indices showed highly significantly positive correlations withthe Margalef, Simpson, and Shannon⁃Wiener indexes (P <0.01). The conclusions and methods of the study provide atheoretical basis for maintaining the stability of urban ecosystems, building ecologically livable cities, and promotingsustainable urban development.

关 键 词：自生草本植物 物种多样性 功能特征 功能多样性 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]