不同生活史阶段秦岭细鳞鲑与同域物种拉氏鱥爆发游泳能力比较研究  

Comparative studies on burst swimming performance of Brachymystax tsinlingensis and sympatric Phoxinus lagowskii in different life history stages

作　　者：邓楚可 黄青峰 李平 夏静怡 夏继刚[1,2] DENG Chuke;HUANG Qingfeng;LI Ping;XIA Jingyi;XIA Jigang(Fish Ecology and Conservation Research Center,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China;Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology,College of Life Sciences,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China;Power-China Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited,Xi′an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学鱼类生态与保护研究中心,重庆401331 [2]进化生理与行为学实验室,重庆市动物生物学重点实验室,重庆师范大学生命科学学院,重庆401331 [3]中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司,西安710065

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第9期3999-4008,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31770442);重庆师范大学“博望学者”领军人才计划;质兰基金会项目。

摘　　要：爆发游泳能力是表征鱼类生存适合度的重要组分。栖息地破碎化对溪流鱼类(尤其是洄游性鱼类)的生存繁衍构成了严重威胁,同时也对鱼类爆发游泳能力提出了更高要求。秦岭细鳞鲑(Brachymystax tsinlingensis)是我国珍稀特有种、国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物,常需要进行多次重复爆发游泳运动以穿越激流甚至堤坝阻隔,因此爆发游泳能力及其可持续性对该物种生存至关重要。相较于秦岭细鳞鲑显著的洄游性,其分布区最为常见的同域物种拉氏鱥(Phoxinus lagowskii)则趋于定居性,二者既是研究同域物种适应进化理论的优越动物模型,又是鱼类栖息地保护与修复实践中十分理想的受试目标。为探究秦岭细鳞鲑及其同域物种拉氏鱥爆发游泳能力的种间差异与种内变异,采用自制的仿生态鱼类爆发游泳能力测定装置,分别测定了不同生活史阶段两种实验鱼的绝对爆发游泳速度(Burst swimming speed,U_(burst))、相对爆发游泳速度(Relative burst swimming speed,rU_(burst))及其可持续性。结果表明:(1)两种实验鱼U_(burst)、rU_(burst)均具有较高的可持续性(ICC系数>0.75),但秦岭细鳞鲑U_(burst)和rU_(burst)具有更强的恢复力;(2)总体上秦岭细鳞鲑的U_(burst)高于拉氏鱥,二者U_(burst)差异显著、不存在趋同适应;(3)生活史阶段效应对秦岭细鳞鲑和拉氏鱥U_(burst)、rU_(burst)均影响显著,两物种爆发游泳能力种内变异模式相近,U_(burst)随发育年龄增加而增加、rU_(burst)随发育年龄增加而减少。研究结果提示,未来鱼类游泳能力关联的鱼道设计或涉水工程评价中,应综合考虑生活史阶段效应和不同物种的生态习性及其种间差异。Burst swimming performance is an important component to characterize the survival fitness of fish.Habitat fragmentation poses a serious threat to the survival and reproduction of stream fishes,especially for migratory fishes,and places higher demands on the burst swimming performance of fish.Brachymystax tsinlingensis,a rare and endemic species in Qinling Mountain region,is a second⁃class state⁃protected wild animal in China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals.It is an endangered teleost fish species that belongs to the family Salmonidae and is generally regarded as one of the two southernmost⁃distributed Salmonid fish worldwide.B.tsinlingensis strongly prefers swift currents and clear water over a large gravel substrate.It presents migratory behavior that can be triggered by changes in seasonal temperatures.Importantly,B.tsinlingensis often needs to perform repeated burst swimming movements to cross the rapids or even dam barriers,so the burst swimming ability and its consistency are crucial for the survival,reproduction and routine activities of this species.Compared with the remarkable migratory habit of B.tsinlingensis,Phoxinus lagowskii,the most common sympatric species in their distribution area,tends to be sedentary.Hence,these two species are not only a superior animal model for studying the adaptive evolution theory of sympatric species,but also highly desirable subject targets in fish habitat conservation and restoration practices.In order to investigate the interspecific differences and intra⁃species variation in burst swimming performance of B.tsinlingensis and its sympatric species(i.e.P.lagowskii),the absolute burst swimming speed(Uburst)and relative burst swimming speed(rUburst)as well as their repeatability of the two experimental fish at different life history stages were measured using a self⁃made ecologically simulated apparatus for the determination of fish burst swimming ability.The study was expected to provide a theoretical basis for biodiversity conservation in the Qinling stream

关 键 词：爆发游泳速度 生活史阶段 重复游泳 秦岭细鳞鲑 拉氏鱥 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]