医会与医统:明代一体堂宅仁医会研究  

Medical Society and Medical Orthodoxy:A Study on the Yititang Zhairen Yihui,a Famous Physician in the Middle and Late Ming Dynasty

作　　者：冯玉荣[1] FENG Yurong(College of history and culture,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学历史文化学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《安徽史学》2024年第3期13-21,共9页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“明清民国中医职业的制度路径与行医生活研究”(22JJD770043)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：学界多将明代中后期的一体堂宅仁医会比附现代专业社团,称其为“中国最早的医学团体”。但若仅以现代标准来评估这一医会,就容易忽视其背后的知识及社会脉络。宅仁医会的主持者为太医院吏目徐春甫,职位并不高,但能依托乡籍、业缘及宫廷医者的政医关系,在北京构建起以江南医者尤以新安医者为主体的医者讲会。医会的意义,在于通过类似儒者讲会的方式,讲论医学,编纂医籍,为医学知识的系统化、规范化提供非正式制度的组织路径。徐春甫组织编纂百卷本《古今医统大全》的庞大知识整理计划,早于医会的成立,但得以最终付梓,则是充分运用了与医会相关的组织及社会资源。由此返观传统中医知识自身演进的机制和路径,可见医学正统知识的确立不仅依赖专业医者的认可,还需充分运用动员医者的关系网络。The Yititang Zhairen Yihui(Medical Society)in the middle and late Ming Dynasty was often compared with modern professional associations,and was called“the earliest medical association in China”.However,if the medical society is only evaluated by modern standards,it is easy to ignore the intellectual and social background behind it.The sponsor of the Zhairen Yihui was Xu Chunfu,an official of Tai Yiyuan(Royal Hospital).His position was not high,but he could rely on government-medical relations and court physicians to establish medical seminars in Beijing with Jiangnan physicians,especially Xin’an physicians.The significance of the Medical Society was to teach medicine and compile medical books in a way similar to Confucian lectures,and to provide an informal institutional organization path for the systematization and standardization of medical knowledge.Xu Chunfu organized the compilation of a hundred-volume medical encyclopedia.Although it was earlier than the establishment of the Medical Society,the reason why it was finally printed was due to the full use of the social network of the Medical Society.It can be seen that the establishment of medical orthodox knowledge not only depended on the recognition of professional physicians,but also made full use of the social network of physicians.

关 键 词：明代 一体堂宅仁医会 徐春甫 讲会 医统 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]