明治经验的虚像与实景:吴汝纶壬寅东游的另一种观察  

The Illusion and Reality of Meiji Experience:Another Observation of Wu Rulun’s Inspection of Japan’s Education in 1902

作　　者：苗祎琦 MIAO Yiqi(School of History,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100086,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院,北京100086

出　　处：《安徽史学》2024年第3期116-124,168,共10页Historical Research In Anhui

摘　　要：清末清廷的文教改革多参照日本。其中,如何调和新旧学术、创建国民教育体系是一大关节,亦是赴日考察教育者的主要关心所在。在晚清众多的赴日教育考察中,吴汝纶的壬寅东游无出其右。其间,日人出于不同立场与知识背景的建言,呈现出聚讼纷纭之景象。围绕儒家道德理想与西洋伦理学、传统汉学与近代“普通知识”,德育与智育领域的扰攘纷争,折射出明治后期日本在东西两洋学术之间的纠结。通过反思与调适明治日本的兴学经验,吴汝纶形成了改革全国文教的独特构想,坚定了以古文存旧学的决心。在晚清文教改革参照“日本渠道”这一表象的背后,展现彼时日本文教界的“众声喧哗”,同时观照中方所采取的应对、改造策略,不仅有助于揭示“作为经验”的明治日本的实景,也有助于重思晚清文教改革的历程。Reforms in education and culture during the late Qing Dynasty often drew inspiration from Japan.Among these reforms,one major concern for those who visited Japan for educational inspections was how to reconcile traditional and modern academic principles and establish a national educational system.Among the numerous educational inspections to Japan during the late Qing Dynasty,Wu Rulun’s journey in 1902 stood out prominently.During his stay,the diverse perspectives and recommendations from Japanese intellectuals,stemming from different backgrounds and positions,showcased a scene of intense debates.These debates revolved around Confucian moral ideals versus Western ethics,traditional Kangaku versus modern“common knowledge”,reflecting Japan’s dilemma between Eastern and Western academic ideologies during the late Meiji period.By reflecting on and adapting the experiences of educational development in Meiji Japan,Wu Rulun formulated a unique vision for reforming national education and reinforced his determination to preserve traditional learning by incorporating ancient prose.Behind the facade of late Qing Dynasty’s educational reforms referencing the“Japanese channel”,lay the tumultuous discourse within the Japanese educational sphere at that time.Simultaneously,observing the strategies adopted and transformations implemented by the Chinese side not only helps illuminate the reality of Meiji Japan as an“experiential”phenomenon but also facilitates a reconsideration of the trajectory of late Qing educational and cultural reforms.

关 键 词：吴汝纶 汉学 德育 普通知识 明治日本 

分 类 号：K257[历史地理—历史学]