带药移栽对水稻害虫防控的减药增效作用分析  

Analysis of the reduced pesticide use and enhanced effectiveness in controlling rice pests through transplanting insecticide-pretreated rice seedlings

作　　者：魏琪 张明 朱旭晖 何佳春[1] 刘连盟[1] 赖凤香[1] 王渭霞[1] 万品俊 刘龙生 傅强[1] WEI Qi;ZHANG Ming;ZHU Xu-Hui;HE Jia-Chun;LIU Lian-Meng;LAI Feng-Xiang;WANG Wei-Xia;WAN Pin-Jun;LIU Long-Sheng;FU Qiang(State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding,China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 311401,China;Hengyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hengyang 421101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所,水稻生物育种全国重点实验室,杭州311401 [2]衡阳市农业科学院,衡阳421101

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2024年第4期477-489,共13页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1401100);国家水稻产业技术体系(CARS-01);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ZDRW202412,CAAS-ASTIP-2021-CNRRI)。

摘　　要：【目的】以新型、高效、持效期长的杀虫剂三氟苯嘧啶和四唑虫酰胺为例,探究带药移栽对水稻害虫的防控效果及农药减量增效的实践意义。【方法】通过室内模拟秧苗带药移栽分别测定了1.95,5.85和9.75 mg a.i./m^(2)三氟苯嘧啶处理对褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens和白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera成虫或若虫的毒力和持效期,并在浙江杭州和湖南衡阳两地评估了早、中、晚稻秧苗高剂量带药移栽处理对二化螟Chilo suppressalis和稻飞虱的田间防效以及不同施药模式对稻田寄生蜂种群动态的影响。【结果】室内经5.85和9.75 mg a.i./m^(2)三氟苯嘧啶处理的秧苗在移栽后35 d时使褐飞虱雌成虫和3龄若虫均能保持75%以上的校正死亡率,且5.85 mg a.i./m^(2)剂量处理在移栽后28 d时使白背飞虱雌成虫的校正死亡率大于80%;使用12.75和25.50 mg a.i./m^(2)四唑虫酰胺处理秧苗在移栽后35 d时对早稻二化螟为害的校正防效均在85%以上。综合浙江杭州和湖南衡阳两地中、晚稻田间试验结果表明,应用5.85 mg a.i./m^(2)三氟苯嘧啶和25.50 mg a.i./m^(2)四唑虫酰胺进行秧苗“送嫁药”处理可减少1~2次大田用药和98%以上的农药有效成分用量,同时还保持着与常规喷施相当的防效,并使寄生蜂总种类和总数量分别提高了29.0%~49.7%和61.2%~69.3%。【结论】秧苗移栽前施用防效优良且持效期长的杀虫剂能减少水稻前期的施药次数和用量,产生较好的经济和生态效益。本研究为利用带药移栽技术推行水稻病虫害的绿色防控提供了重要参考。【Aim】Taking the novel,highly effective,and long-lasting insecticides triflumezopyrim and tetraniliprole as examples,this study aims to investigate the practical significance of reduced pesticide use and enhanced effectiveness in controlling rice pests through transplanting insecticide-pretreated rice seedlings.【Methods】Laboratory simulation experiments involving transplanting insecticide-pretreated rice seedlings were conducted to assess the toxicity and duration of efficacy of triflumezopyrim(active ingredient,a.i.)exposure to rice seedlings at the doses of 1.95,5.85 and 9.75 mg a.i./m^(2)against the adults or nymphs of the brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens,and the white-backed planthopper,Sogatella furcifera,respectively.Field experiments for transplanting high-dose insecticide-pretreated rice seedlings were carried out to evaluate their control efficacy against the rice stem borer,Chilo suppressalis,and rice planthoppers,as well as the impact of different modes of pesticide application on the population dynamics of parasitic wasps in paddy fields,in Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province,and Hengyang,Hunan Province,respectively,for early-,mid-,and late-season rice crops.【Results】In the laboratory,transplanting rice seedlings pretreated with 5.85 and 9.75 mg a.i./m^(2)of triflumezopyrim caused exceeding 75%corrected mortality rates in N.lugens adult females and the 3rd instar nymphs at 35 d after transplanting(DAT).The corrected mortality rate of S.furcifera adult females exceeded 80%when transplanting rice seedlings exposed to 5.85 mg a.i./m^(2)of triflumezopyrim at 28 DAT.For controlling C.suppressalis in early-season rice,the applications of tetraniliprole at the doses of 12.75 and 25.50 mg a.i./m^(2)resulted in a corrected control efficacy of over 85%at 35 DAT.The comprehensive analysis of the field experiment results in both mid-and late-season rice in Hangzhou and Hengyang revealed that transplanting rice seedlings exposed to 5.85 mg a.i./m^(2)of triflumezopyrim and 25.50 mg a.i./m^(2)of tetraniliprole

关 键 词：带药移栽 水稻害虫 三氟苯嘧啶 四唑虫酰胺 农药减量 天敌保护 

分 类 号：Q965.9[生物学—昆虫学]