煤矿采动覆岩离层水害致灾因素勘查与预测评价  

Exploration and prediction evaluation on causative factors of water inrush from separation layers of mining overburden in coal mines

作　　者：乔伟[1,2,3] 刘梦楠[1] 孟祥胜 程香港 冯培超 李小琴 李文平 QIAO Wei;LIU Mengnan;MENG Xiangsheng;CHENG Xianggang;FENG Peichao;LI Xiaoqin;LI Wenping(School of Resources and Geosciences,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou221116,China;Zero Carbon Negative Carbon in Deep Mining Area Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education,Xuzhou221116,China;National Professional Central Laboratory for Basic Re-search of Mine Water Damage Prevention Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院,江苏徐州221116 [2]矿区深部零碳负碳教育部工程研究中心,江苏徐州221116 [3]矿山水害防治技术基础研究国家级专业中心实验室,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2024年第4期2031-2044,共14页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(4193128,41772302,42007240)。

摘　　要：采动覆岩离层突水在我国各地矿区均较为常见且危害性较大,现有的规范中鲜有针对离层水害的具体工程地质和水文地质勘查方法。探索煤矿离层水害工程地质水文地质勘查与评价方法,能够推动我国矿井水害防治水平进一步提升。首先从煤矿采动覆岩高位离层水害孕灾机制出发,分析了离层水害从孕灾到致灾的工程地质条件,将我国现有的离层水害归纳为3种典型类型:离层动力突水、离层静水压涌突水和离层携泥砂突水。然后,确定了“水源”“通道”“力源”和“物源”为控制离层水害类型与强度的关键隐蔽致灾因素,将位于传统导水裂隙带以上,可发生离层突水的复合层位称为采动覆岩“突水离层带”,并提出了煤矿采动覆岩“突水离层带”的判别流程,划分勘查阶段,指明勘查要点。煤矿离层水害采前勘查应包括2个阶段:①开展覆岩基本工程地质和水文地质条件勘探,评估勘探区离层水害的可能性并确定潜在“突水离层带”的层位;②将“突水离层带”和“物源”层作为勘查目标层,开展离层水害致灾因素专项勘查,评定离层水害类型和强度。回采期间对水动力条件和覆岩裂隙演化进行探查。最后,基于离层水害致灾因素互馈演化致灾机制,建立了适用于采动覆岩离层水害的矿井区域预测综合评价模型,提出了全矿井/采区尺度的区域危险性分区、采前工作面突水位置判定及涌水量预计的煤矿采动覆岩离层水害预测评价方法。The occurrence of mine water inrushes is common and poses significant hazards in various mining areas throughout China.However,the existing regulations lack of specific engineering geological and hydrogeological explora-tion guidelines tailored to the water inrush from separation layers(WISL).Exploring the methods of engineering geologic-al and hydrogeological exploration and assessment for the WISL can contribute to further enhancing the prevention and control of mine water disasters in China.This paper begins by examining the mechanism behind WISL in coal mines.It analyzes the geological conditions governing the progression of WISL from its inception to full-scale occurrence and cat-egorizes three prevalent types of WISL in China,i.e.,dynamic water inrush,hydrostatic water inrush,and mud and sand-carrying water inrush,all originating from separation layers.Subsequently,it identifies“water source”“channel”“force source”and“material source”as pivotal concealed factors dictating the nature and severity of WISL.Then,the concept of a“inrush separation zone”referring to composite stratigraphic layers situated above traditional water-conducting fractured zones is introduced,where the WISL may transpire during mining activities.Furthermore,it presents a method for delin-eating“inrush separation zone”in coal mines,outlining exploration stages and specifying crucial investigative focal points.The exploration of water damage in upper strata of coal mine should include two stages:first,the exploration of ba-sic engineering geology and hydrogeological conditions of overlying rock should be carried out to evaluate the possibility of water damage in the exploration area and determine the horizon of potential mining overlying rock;second,regarding the“inrush separation zone”and“source”layer as the exploration target layer,the special investigation of the hidden dis-aster factors of the upper layer water damage should be conducted to assess the type and intensity of the water damage in the upper

关 键 词：离层水害 致灾因素 采动覆岩“突水离层带” 工程地质勘查 预测评价 

分 类 号：TD745[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]