海拔对隧道救援站列车火灾烟气蔓延特性的影响  

Influence of altitude on smoke movement characteristics of trainfire in tunnel rescue station

作　　者：周丹[1,2,3] 张则栋 陈涛 李金柱[1,2,3] 陈光 ZHOU Dan;ZHANG Zedong;CHEN Tao;LI Jinzhu;CHEN Guang(Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on the Track of Ministry of Education,School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Joint International Research Laboratory of Key Technology for Rail Traffic Safety,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075 [2]中南大学轨道交通安全关键技术国际合作联合实验室,湖南长沙410075 [3]中南大学轨道交通列车安全保障技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期1602-1617,共16页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2022JJ30744)。

摘　　要：采用三维非定常N-S方程和完全浮力修正的RNG k-ε湍流模型,基于滑移网格技术实现列车在隧道内的运动过程模拟,构建高海拔隧道紧急救援站列车火灾数值模拟方法,并利用现有动模型试验和隧道静止火灾试验数据验证数值模拟方法的可靠性和正确性,研究海拔对事故隧道、紧急救援站和列车中部车厢附近横通道内的烟气流速和温度分布的影响规律。研究结果表明:当着火列车驶入隧道紧急救援站时,活塞风主导了火灾烟气的蔓延趋势;在列车停车瞬间,随着海拔增大,事故隧道拱顶处和列车中部车厢附近横通道拱顶处的烟气流速峰值及温度峰值逐渐增大;列车停车后,活塞风逐渐衰减,烟气开始在隧道拱顶处向火源上游逆流;随着海拔增大,紧急救援站下游高温区域蔓延范围逐渐扩大,事故隧道拱顶处温度峰值随之升高;随着时间推移,高海拔与低海拔隧道拱顶处的温度峰值差异逐渐增大,可能对更高海拔隧道救援站内的人员安全造成更大的威胁;不同海拔处列车中部车厢附近横通道内人眼高度处的温度均超过330 K(对人体有危害),且在同一时刻,海拔越高,横通道内高温烟气层高度越低,烟气沉降速度明显加快。In order to investigate the influence of altitude on the smoke propagation characteristics of high-speed train entering the emergency rescue station in tunnel,a numerical simulation method of train fire in emergency rescue station in high-altitude tunnel was constructed by using three-dimensional unsteady N−S equation and RNG k−εturbulence model with full buoyancy correction.The train movement process in tunnel was realized based on sliding grid technology.The reliability and correctness of the numerical simulation method were verified by using the existing tunnel fire dynamic model test and tunnel static fire test results.The influence of altitude on the flue gas velocity and temperature distribution in the cross passage near the accident tunnel,the rescue station and the middle carriage of the train was studied.The results show that when the train enters the tunnel emergency station,the piston wind dominates the fire smoke spreading trend.At the moment when the train stops,the peak value of flue gas velocity and temperature at the arch of the accident tunnel and the arch of the cross passage near the middle carriage of the train gradually increases with the increase of the altitude.After the train stops,the piston wind gradually attenuates,and the smoke starts to counter current upstream to the fire source at the tunnel vault.With the increase of altitude,the spread range of the high temperature area in the downstream of the emergency rescue station gradually expands,and the peak temperature at the tunnel vault increases accordingly.The difference between the peak temperature of the tunnel arch at high altitude and low altitude gradually increases with time,which may cause greater threat to the safety of personnel in the rescue station of the tunnel at higher altitude.At different altitudes,the temperature at the height of human eyes in the cross passage near the middle carriage of the train exceeds 330 K(harmful to human body),and at the same time,the higher the altitude,the lower the height of the high t

关 键 词：高海拔 列车火灾 隧道紧急救援站 烟气蔓延 

分 类 号：U25[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]