餐厨沼液滴灌水盐调控对土壤环境和西兰花产量的影响  

Effect of Water-salt Regulation of Drip Irrigation Using Digested Effluent of Food Waste on Soil Environment and Broccoli Yield

作　　者：李娜[1] 奚辉[1] 周扬 陈喜靖[1] 喻曼[1] LI Na;XI Hui;ZHOU Yang;CHEN Xi-jing;YU Man(Institute of Environment,Resource,Soil and Fertilizer,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China;College of Environment and Resources,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所,杭州310021 [2]浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,杭州311300

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2024年第5期10-17,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(52009124);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LQ21E090004)。

摘　　要：为探究和评价餐厨沼液滴灌对土壤环境和作物生长的影响,通过盆栽试验研究氮磷钾等浓度施用条件下,滴灌水盐调控不同土壤水基质势水平[-20 kPa(W)和-30 kPa(P)]和餐厨沼液比例[0%(0)、10%(1)、16.7%(2)、25%(3)和33.3%(4)]对土壤盐分、无机氮含量和西兰花生长的影响。结果表明:土壤水基质势水平对土壤盐分有显著的影响,与P相比,W降低表层土壤饱和泥浆提取液电导率(ECe)13.0%;土壤ECe随沼液比例的增加而升高,33.3%沼液处理比其他处理高23.1%~46.8%。沼液比例对土壤铵态氮含量影响显著,0%沼液处理表层铵态氮是其他处理的2.2~3.0倍;餐厨沼液灌溉会降低西兰花产量,P_(2)、P_(3)和P_(4)处理下降显著。综合评价结果表明:W与P差异不显著,沼液比例越高影响越大,P_(0)处理与W_(1)、W_(2)和P_(1)处理差异不显著,但显著高于W_(3)、W_(4)、P_(2)、P_(3)和P_(4)处理。在等浓度施用氮磷钾条件下,餐厨沼液滴灌水盐调控仍会增加土壤盐分,降低土壤铵态氮含量和西兰花产量,但在控制土壤盐分和增加餐厨沼液可施用比例方面,-20 kPa明显优于-30 kPa。To assess the effect of digested effluent of food waste on soil environment and crop growth when using drip irrigation,a pot experiment was conducted involving 2 soil matric potential thresholds(SMP)of-20 kPa(W)and-30 kPa(P),and 5 treatments of digested effluent percent(PDE)of 0%(0),10%(1),16.7%(2),25%(3)and 33.3%(4).Uniform NPK concentrations were dripped following the digested effluent at different concentrations.The study evaluated soil salinity(electrical conductivity of soil saturated paste,ECe),soil nitrate and ammonium N concentration,and broccoli yield.The results showed that SMP had significant effects on soil ECe.Compared to the P treatments,the W treatments decreased the ECe of 13.0%.Soil ECe increased with higher percent of digested effluent.The 33.3%treatment was 23.1%~46.8%higher than that of 0%~25%treatments.PDE significantly influence soil ammonium N content,0%treatment was 2.2~3.0 times higher than the other treatments.Irrigation with digested effluent of food waste decreased the broccoli yield,especially the P_(2),P_(3)and P_(4)treatments.The comprehensive analysis of soil salinity,soil inorganic N and broccoli yield reveals that there were no significant differences between the W and P,but decreased scores were found when the percent of digested effluent increased.The P_(0)treatment had no significant higher score than the W_(1),W_(2)and P_(1)treatments,but it did show a significant difference when compared to the W_(3),W_(4),P_(2),P_(3),and P_(4)treatments.In conclusion,drip irrigation with digested effluent of food waste increased soil salinity,decreased soil ammonium nitrogen and broccoli yield,but-20 kPa still has advantage in decreasing soil salinity and increasing the applied percent of the digested effluent compared with-30 kPa.

关 键 词：餐厨沼液 滴灌 沼液比例 土壤水基质势 西兰花产量 土壤盐分 无机氮 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程] S274.3[农业科学—农业工程]