水氮炭动态调控对大豆根际土壤环境及其产量品质的影响  

The Effect of Dynamic Regulation of Water,Nitrogen and Carbon on the Rhizosphere Soil Environment and Yield,Quality of Soybean

作　　者：王煜博 石芬芬 宋俊 王卫华[1] WANG Yu-bo;SHI Fen-fen;SONG Jun;WANG Wei-hua(Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院,昆明650500

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2024年第5期18-27,37,共11页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：云南省教育厅科学研究基金(2023Y0447)。

摘　　要：为探讨水肥耦合配施改性生物炭对大豆根际土壤理化性质、酶活性及其产量品质等的影响,设置3因素(灌溉量、施氮量和施炭量)3水平正交试验。结果表明:施炭量对土壤理化性质影响最为显著,其次是灌溉量;轻度或中度亏缺灌溉可以显著提高土壤微生物量碳、氮含量;对于土壤酶活性,灌溉量对土壤过氧化氢酶和磷酸酶影响最为显著,轻度亏缺灌溉条件下活性最高;相同灌溉量下,除N-乙酰基-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶外,酶活性都随着施氮量和施炭量的增加而增加;灌溉量对蛋白质和大豆籽粒含油量影响最显著,其他品质指标受水氮炭的影响不显著;基于正交试验的大豆最优产量水氮炭组合试验结果分析,3个因素主次顺序为灌溉量、施炭量和施氮量,大豆产量的最优组合为W1N1B1(即中度亏缺灌溉、氮肥施用量为75 kg/hm^(2)、生物炭施用量为15 t/hm^(2))。研究为认识水氮炭耦合关系、指导云南季节性干旱区大豆优质节水高产高效种植提供理论依据与技术支撑。To investigate the effects of water-fertilizer coupling with modified biochar on the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities and yield quality of soybean inter-root soil,a three-level orthogonal experiment was conducted with three factors(irrigation,nitrogen application and charcoal application).The results showed that:the amount of charcoal application had the most significant effect on soil physicochemical properties,followed by the amount of irrigation.Mild or moderate deficit irrigation could significantly increase soil microbial carbon and nitrogen content.For soil enzyme activities,the amount of irrigation had the most significant effect on soil catalase and phosphatase,and the highest activity was found under mild deficit irrigation conditions.Except for N-acyl-β-D-glucosidase,the enzyme activities were all increased with the increase of nitrogen and charcoal application,under the same amount of irrigation.Irrigation quantity had the most significant effect on protein and oil content of soybean kernel,and other quality indexes were not significantly affected by water,nitrogen and charcoal.Based on the results of the orthogonal test of the optimal soybean yield water,nitrogen and charcoal combination,the three factors in the order of irrigation,charcoal and nitrogen,and the optimal combination of soybean yield was W1N1B1(i.e.,moderate deficit irrigation,N fertilizer application of 75 kg/hm2,and biochar application of 15 t/hm2).This study provides theoretical and technological support for the understanding of water,nitrogen and charcoal coupling,and for guiding the cultivation of high-quality,water-saving and high-efficiency soybeans in seasonal arid areas of Yunnan Province.This study provides theoretical basis and technical support for understanding the coupling relationship between water,nitrogen and carbon,and guiding the high-quality,high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of soybean in seasonally arid areas of Yunnan.

关 键 词：改性生物炭 水-氮-炭-土壤互馈 土壤生境调控 大豆 土壤酶活性 水氮炭 最优组合 

分 类 号：S147.4[农业科学—肥料学] S275.6[农业科学—农业基础科学]