不同飞行员抗荷体能训练方案效果评价  

Efficacy evaluation of different anti-G physical training programs for pilots

作　　者：杨景慧 耿喜臣 杨明浩 金朝 李宝辉 于婕 刘宇航 王海霞 卫晓阳 蒋科 张立辉 李毅峰 朱倩昀 张小雪 徐艳 Yang Jinghui;Geng Xichen;Yang Minghao;Jin Zhao;Li Baohui;Yu Jie;Liu Yuhang;Wang Haixia;Wei Xiaoyang;Jiang Ke;Zhang Lihui;Li Yifeng;Zhu Qianyun;Zhang Xiaoxue;Xu Yan(Department of Acceleration Physiology,Air Force Medical Center,Beijing 100142,China)

机构地区：[1]空军特色医学中心加速度生理研究室,北京100142

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》2024年第1期38-41,共4页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

基　　金：空军装备部重点课题(KJ2022A000413)。

摘　　要：目的建立兼顾飞行员无氧及有氧能力训练的科学训练方案,探索飞行员体能训练有氧无氧的适宜配比。方法根据“飞行人员体格检查标准”选拔两批次健康受试者共16名,年龄18~24岁。两批次受试者分别采用不同的有氧无氧配比训练方案,训练周期为3个月。训练前后受试者心肺功能变化采用运动心肺功能测试系统评价,无氧能力变化采用力量变化作为评价指标。结果训练后两种训练方案受试者的杠铃深蹲、屈腿硬拉及杠铃卧推10RM及3RM负重均显著增加(P<0.001),并且两组间负重增长幅度无统计学差异(P>0.05)。心肺功能测试结果显示,训练前后两组受试者所能耐受的最大负荷、最大心率及呼吸商均显著增加(P<0.01)。与方案①试验组受试者比较,训练前后方案②试验组受试者的最大负荷[方案①为(29.12±19.69)W,方案②为(72.00±46.24)W]及呼吸商(方案①为0.11±0.09,方案②为0.28±0.16)的提升幅度均增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论方案②试验组受试者的无氧及有氧能力均有效提升,说明该训练方案中有氧与无氧训练的配比设置更佳。Objective To establish a scientific training program that takes into account both anaerobic and aerobic training for pilots,and to explore the appropriate ratio of aerobic and anaerobic training.Methods According to the physical examination standards for pilots,a total of 16 healthy subjects aged 18—24 were selected from two batches.The two batches of subjects were trained with different aerobic and anaerobic ratios.Training period was 3 months.The changes in cardiopulmonary function of the subjects before and after training were evaluated using the cardiopulmonary function exercise testing system(CPET),and the changes in anaerobic capacity were evaluated using changes in strength as an indicator.Results After training,the weight load of the subjects in the two training programs,including barbell squats,leg flexion and hard pull,and barbell under 10RM and 3RM,was significantly increased(P<0.001),and there was no statistically significant difference in anaerobic strength growth between the two groups.The results of CPET showed that the maximum load,maximum heart rate,and respiratory quotient in the two groups were significantly increased after than before the training(P<0.01).The maximum load(Experiment group 1:29.12±19.69,Experiment group 2:72.00±46.24)and respiratory quotient(Experiment grouop 1:0.11±0.09,Experiment group 2:0.28±0.16)of the subjects in experiment group 2 before and after training were greater than those in experiment group 1.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The anaerobic and aerobic capacities of the subjects in the experiment group 2 are effectively improved,indicating that ratio of aerobic and anaerobic of the training scheme is better.

关 键 词：抗荷体能训练 抗荷耐力 飞行员 运动心肺功能测试 呼吸商 

分 类 号：R857[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]