航天器出舱过闸压控系统设计研究  

Design and experimental study of pressure control system in spacecraft airlock module

作　　者：张元 杨旋 宣建强 焦飞飞 张斌 孙鹏[1,2] 赵丕盛[1] 梁志伟[1,2] Zhang Yuan;Yang Xuan;Xuan Jianqiang;Jiao Feifei;Zhang Bin;Sun Peng;Zhao Pisheng;Liang Zhiwei(China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China;State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine,China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China;Shanghai Institute of Aerospace System Engineering,Shanghai 201109,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航天员科研训练中心,北京100094 [2]中国航天员科研训练中心航天医学全国重点实验室,北京100094 [3]上海宇航系统工程研究所,上海201109

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》2024年第1期56-59,共4页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

摘　　要：过闸压控是平衡舱内外压力,实现物资或人员在航天器舱内外转移的必须步骤。出舱过闸降压和返回过闸复压是过闸压控系统的两个主要功能。出舱过闸降压的方法包括排气泄压和储气降压等,排气泄压方法的控制设备简单,但是排气过程中需要消耗气体资源;储气降压方法需要配置抽气设备,但是可以有效节约气体。返回复压的方法包括供气复压和舱间复压等,可根据泄压模式配合使用。本文从理论上分析了航天器过闸压控的过程,提供了过闸压控系统设计的几种技术方案。单舱段飞行器适合采用排气泄压配合供气复压的模式,多舱段飞行器适合采用储气降压配合舱间复压的模式。根据具体任务需求,还可以采用两种模式复合的方案。Air lock module pressure control is a necessary step to balance the pressure inside and outside the spacecraft cabin and achieve the transfer of materials or personnel inside and outside the spacecraft cabin.The two main functions of the air lock module pressure control system are to reduce the pressure when leaving the chamber and increase the pressure when returning to the chamber.There are some methods such as releasing the gas in the chamber to vacuum or storing the gas in the chamber using containers.The control equipment for releasing gas is simple,but the gas is wasted.Gas storage requires temperature control and gas compressing equipment,but the gas is saved.There are some methods such as releasing gas from high-pressure vessels or releasing gas from nearby chamber.This article theoretically analyzes airlock module pressure controlling and provides several technical solutions for designing module pressure control systems.Releasing the gas to vacuum is suitable for spacecraft with a single sealed cabin while storing the gas is suitable for spacecraft with multi sealed cabins.Combined methods are also used in specific conditions.

关 键 词：航天器 过闸 压控设计 泄复压 

分 类 号：V416[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]