贫铀再利用的研究  

Research on the Reuse of Depleted Uranium

作　　者：李琳 LI Lin(China Atomic Energy Industry Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国原子能工业有限公司,北京100000

出　　处：《价值工程》2024年第15期91-95,共5页Value Engineering

摘　　要：贫铀是铀浓缩生产后剩余的产物。目前全球贫铀的储量已超过100万吨,每年还以5万吨左右的量持续增长。我国铀浓缩起步较晚,但产能增长很快,当前贫铀存量超过10万吨。各国在贫铀的贮存和维护上投入大量的人力、物力和财力,一直在积极寻找安全、经济、有效的贫铀利用途径。本文结合贫铀的特性,调研了国、内外主要核相关国家贫铀管理和利用的情况,了解相关国家在科研、工业、医疗等领域对贫铀的应用情况,对我国贫铀的利用具有一定的借鉴和指导意义。由于贫铀的特殊性,贫铀的使用范围受到限制,给贫铀再利用带来一定的困难,通过对贫铀应用情况的摸底,结合我国对贫铀管理的法律法规,将贫铀的应用聚焦在核领域的应用,通过与电站、设计方、制造方的合作,通过放射性评估测试,采用有限原方法计算,突破了贫铀作为屏蔽材料应用在核电站的屏蔽门上,解决了电站原有屏蔽门过厚,导致空间狭小的顽疾,这项研究得到国家知识产权局授予的贫铀屏蔽门及贫铀屏蔽装置实用新型专利(专利号:ZL202320747649.4),同时也推动了贫铀在核电厂需要屏蔽场所的探讨研究,推动了利用贫铀作为屏蔽材料的乏燃料屏蔽容器的设计和应用,实现了贫铀作为屏蔽材料在核电站的应用。Depleted uranium is the remaining product after uranium enrichment production.At present,the global reserves of depleted uranium have exceeded 1 million tons and continue to grow at around 50000 tons per year.China started uranium enrichment relatively late,but its production capacity has grown rapidly,with a current depleted uranium stock exceeding 100000 tons.Countries have invested a significant amount of manpower,material resources,and financial resources in the storage and maintenance of depleted uranium,and have been actively seeking safe,economical,and effective ways to utilize depleted uranium.This article combines the characteristics of depleted uranium and investigates the management and utilization of depleted uranium in major nuclear related countries at home and abroad.It aims to understand the application of depleted uranium in scientific research,industry,medical and other fields in relevant countries,which has certain reference and guidance significance for the utilization of depleted uranium in China.Due to the particularity of depleted uranium,the use scope of depleted uranium is limited,which brings certain difficulties to the reuse of depleted uranium.Through the investigation of the application of depleted uranium and in combination with China's laws and regulations on the management of depleted uranium,the application of depleted uranium will be focused on the application in the nuclear field.Through cooperation with power stations,designers and manufacturers,through radioactive evaluation tests,and calculation using the finite element method,the application of depleted uranium as a shielding material on the screen doors of nuclear power plants has broken through,solving the persistent problem of the original screen doors of power plants being too thick,resulting in small space.This research was awarded a utility model patent for depleted uranium screen doors and depleted uranium shielding devices by the China National Intellectual Property Administration(patent number:ZL202320747649494949.4

关 键 词：贫铀 再利用 研究 

分 类 号：TL941[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]