氮肥减量配施碳基营养肥对大白菜产量和品质及土壤养分的影响  

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction combined with carbon-based nutrient fertilizer on yield and quality of Chinese cabbage and soil nutrients

作　　者：刘学硕 崔佳月 刘光源 岳嘉欣 刘莹 惠麦侠[1] LIU Xueshuo;CUI Jiayue;LIU Guangyuan;YUE Jiaxin;LIU Ying;HUI Maixia(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第6期132-142,154,共12页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-23-G22);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2020NY-061,2021LLRH-07);陕西省提升公众科学素质计划项目(2021PSL133)。

摘　　要：【目的】阐明碳基营养肥和化肥对土壤养分及大白菜生长、产量和品质的影响,为大白菜生产中合理施肥提供参考。【方法】以大白菜品种春大白菜9号为研究对象,在西北农林科技大学太白蔬菜试验示范站和陕西杨凌的曹新庄试验农场2个试验点同时进行大白菜施肥试验。试验共设常规施肥(N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O的施用量分别为300,120和112.5 kg/hm^(2),CK)、有机-无机复混肥(N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O的施用量分别为360,240和120 kg/hm^(2),OF)、常规施肥基础上减施氮肥15%(N1)、常规施肥基础上减施氮肥30%(N2)、N1处理基础上配施碳基营养肥2250 kg/hm^(2)(CN1)、N2处理基础上配施碳基营养肥2250 kg/hm^(2)(CN2)6个施肥处理,每处理3次重复。分别采集2个试验点大白菜莲座期、结球期、采收期0~20 cm根围土壤,测定土壤养分含量,并于采收期测定大白菜农艺性状、产量和品质,分析不同施肥措施对大白菜种植区土壤养分及大白菜品质和产量的影响。【结果】2个试验点减施氮肥显著抑制了大白菜生长,降低了大白菜产量,而施用有机-无机复混肥和碳基营养肥对大白菜产量和品质有明显促进作用,其中太白试验点OF和CN1处理大白菜的产量较CK分别显著增加12.8%和7.6%。配施碳基营养肥处理可以显著提高大白菜的营养品质,2个试验点CN1处理大白菜的可溶性蛋白含量较CK分别显著增加了29.6%和29.1%,可溶性糖含量较CK分别显著增加了106.9%和60.6%,维生素C含量较CK分别显著增加了15.5%和25.3%。在大白菜的同一生育时期,2个试验点施肥处理土壤理化性质的变化趋势类似,在大白菜采收期,与CK相比,太白与杨凌试验点的CN1处理土壤EC分别显著下降19.9%和7.0%,而土壤铵态氮含量分别显著增加25.2%和33.1%,土壤硝态氮含量分别显著增加10.8%和17.1%,土壤有效磷含量分别显著增加23.7%和30.7%。【结论】在两种类型土壤上施用有机【Objective】The effects of carbon-based nutrient fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on soil nutrients and growth,yield and quality of Chinese cabbage were clarified to provide reference for rational fertilization in Chinese cabbage production.【Method】Taking Spring Chinese No.9 as the research object,the fertilization experiment of Chinese cabbage was carried out at Taibai Vegetable Experimental Demonstration Station of Northwest A&F University and Caoxinzhuang Experimental Farm in Yangling,Shaanxi.Six fertilization treatments of conventional fertilization(N,P_(2)O_(5)and K_(2)O application rates were 300,120 and 112.5 kg/hm^(2),CK),organic-inorganic compound fertilizer(N,P_(2)O_(5)and K_(2)O application rates were 360,240 and 120 kg/hm^(2),OF),15%reduction of nitrogen fertilizer on the basis of conventional fertilization(N1),30%reduction of nitrogen fertilizer on the basis of conventional fertilization(N2),2250 kg/hm^(2)of carbon-based nutrient fertilizer on the basis of N1 treatment(CN1)and 2250 kg/hm^(2)of carbon-based nutrient fertilizer on the basis of N2 treatment(CN2).Each treatment had 3 replicates.The 0-20 cm rhizosphere soil samples were collected from two experimental sites at rosette stage,heading stage and harvesting stage.The soil nutrient content was measured,and agronomic traits,yield and quality of Chinese cabbage were measured at harvesting stage.The effects of different fertilization measures on soil nutrients as well as quality and yield of Chinese cabbage were then analyzed.【Result】The reduction of nitrogen fertilizer significantly inhibited the growth of Chinese cabbage and reduced the yield,while the application of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and carbon-based nutrient fertilizer significantly promoted the yield and quality.The yields of Chinese cabbage treated with OF and CN1 in Taibai area were significantly increased by 12.8%and 7.6%,respectively,compared with CK.The two treatments with carbon-based nutrient fertilizer significantly improved nutritional quality of Chin

关 键 词：大白菜 减量施肥 碳基营养肥 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S634.104[农业科学—蔬菜学]