果树木屑黑木耳袋栽基质研究  

Substrate for Bag Cultivation of Fruit Tree Sawdust Auricularia auricula-judae

作　　者：司豆豆 李德毓 彭浩[1,2] 王梦姣 兰阿峰[1,2] SI Doudou;LI Deyu;PENG Hao;WANG Mengjiao;LAN Afeng(School of Biological Science and Engineering,Shaanxi University of Technology,Hanzhong,Shaanxi 723001,China;State Key Laboratory of Qinling Bazhong Biological Resources and Ecological Environment,Co-construction by Shaanxi Province and Ministry of Ecology and Environment of P.R.C(cultivated),Hanzhong,Shaanxi 723001,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西理工大学生物科学与工程学院,陕西汉中723001 [2]秦巴生物资源与生态环境省部共建国家重点实验室(培育),陕西汉中723001

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2024年第4期23-27,31,共6页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：陕西省教育厅科技计划项目(20JS024);秦巴生物资源与生态环境省部共建国家重点实验室(培育)“市校共建”科研专项(SXC-2307)。

摘　　要：黑木耳产业对栎木资源的依赖是该产业发展和生态文明建设不相适应的突出表现,因而选取果树替代传统栎木是促进黑木耳产业绿色生态发展的潜在途径。本文选取苹果树木屑、桃树木屑、桔树木屑和核桃树木屑为黑木耳主要栽培基质,通过菌丝生长速度、菌丝密度、菌丝色泽以及锁状联合数目等指标考核最佳果木木屑袋栽基质。结果表明,黑木耳菌丝在桃树木屑袋料基质上生长最好,生长速度(5.62 mm/d)比对照组(5.24 mm/d)提高了7.25%;菌丝生长势较好,边缘整齐、浓密、色泽洁白且锁状联合数目较多;选取78%、82%、86%和90%等4个不同桃树木屑配比,通过不同袋料基质对桃树木屑黑木耳袋栽基质进行优化研究,最佳果木黑木耳袋栽基质配方为:桃树木屑78%、米糠19%、红糖1.5%、石膏粉1%、石灰粉0.5%,此时黑木耳菌丝的生长速度(10.06 mm/d)比对照组的生长速度(5.88 mm/d)提高了71.09%,且锁状联合数目最多。本研究结果表明,桃树可替代栎木进行黑木耳袋料栽培,为黑木耳产业的绿色高质量发展奠定基础。The reliance of Auricularia auricula-judae industry on oak resources is a prominent manifestation of the incompatibility between the development of the industry and the construction of ecological civilization.Thus,raplacing traditional oak trees with fruit trees is a potential approach to promote the green ecological development of Auricularia auricula-judae industry.In this study,apple tree sawdust,peach tree sawdust,orange tree sawdust and walnut tree sawdust were selected as the main cultivation substrate for Auricularia auricula-judae,and the optimal fruit wood sawdust bag cultivation substrate was examined by indicators such as mycelial growth rate,mycelial density,mycelial color and number of interlocking associations.The results showed that the mycelium of Auricularia auricula-judae exhibited best growth on the bag substrate of peach sawdust,with growth rate of 5.62 mm/day,which was 7.25% higher than the control group(5.24 mm/day).The mycelium had good growth potential,with neat and dense edges,clean white color,and a large number of locking junctions;Four different proportions(78%,82%,86% and 90%)of peach sawdust,were selected to optimize the bag planting media of peach sawdust Auricularia auricula-judae through different bag media.The results showed that the optimal matrix formula for fruit tree black fungus bagging was as follows:peach tree sawdust 78%,rice bran 19%,brown sugar 1.5%,gypsum powder 1%,and lime powder 0.5%.Under these conditions,the growth rate of black fungus hyphae(10.06 mm/d)increased by 71.09% compared to the control group(5.88 mm/d),with the highest number of lock-like associations observed.This study suggests that peach trees can be a viable alternative to oak oak trees for Auricularia auricula-judae bag cultivation,thereby,laying a foundation for the green and high-quality development of Auricularia auricula-judae industry.

关 键 词：黑木耳 袋栽基质 果木枝条 桃树木屑 锁状联合 

分 类 号：S318[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]