基于群体感应的生物膜技术在土壤污染修复中的应用与展望  

Application and Prospect of Biofilm Techniques Based on Quorum Sensing in Soil Pollution Remediation

作　　者：生弘杰 王芳[2] 冯发运 程金金[1,3] 张银萍 葛静 张雷刚[1,3] 蒋新 余向阳[1,3] SHENG Hongjie;WANG Fang;FENG Fayun;CHENG Jinjin;ZHANG Yinping;Ge Jing;Zhang Leigang;JIANG Xin;YU Xiangyang(Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base,Ministry of Science and Technology-Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety,Nanjing 210014,China;Nanjing Normal University Center for Analysis and Testing,Nanjing 210046,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农产品质量安全与营养研究所,南京210014 [2]中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室(南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [3]省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地-江苏省食品质量安全重点实验室,南京210014 [4]南京师范大学分析测试中心,南京210046

出　　处：《土壤学报》2024年第3期583-593,共11页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1804400);国家自然科学基金项目(42007133,32001951);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20191107)共同资助。

摘　　要：生物膜修复技术凭借其高效性、安全性和经济性,已被广泛应用于土壤中难降解污染物的去除。其中,群体感应效应在生物膜修复过程中起着至关重要的作用。群体感应是微生物普遍存在的细胞间通讯形式,有助于生物膜内不同细菌种内/种间的信息交流,使微生物能够在“群体水平”上相互协作,能够调控生物膜胞外聚合物的生成以及对污染物的吸附固定与降解。本文在简要介绍生物膜和群体感应的功能和作用基础上,结合近年来群体感应调控生物膜形成以及对污染物的降解基础上,综述了群体感应在生物膜修复技术中的应用,最后对生物膜群体感应系统在污染土壤修复中的工程化设计进行了展望。Due to its high efficiency,safety and cost-effectiveness,biofilm remediation technology has been widely used in the removal of refractory pollutants in the environment.Biofilm technology refers to the adhesion,enrichment and reproduction of plankton microorganisms,eventually forming biofilm structure on the surface of the abiotic carrier,which leads to an increase in total biomass density and highly efficient metabolism of hydrophobic and toxic compounds.Compared with planktonic cells,a biofilm matrix can provide microorganisms with stronger resistance to high pressure of survival competition,harsh environmental conditions or harmful toxins.Changes in the local concentration of nutrients in the biofilm matrix and differences in the division of labor among microorganisms can induce differential gene expressions,leading to biofilm cells differing(phenotypically and metabolically)from the planktonic cells.It is beneficial for microorganisms to degrade pollutants through multiple metabolic pathways.Meanwhile,bacteria chemotaxis and flagellar movement can help the microorganism get access to pollutants,thereby improving their biodegradation efficiency.The formation and dispersal of biofilm are regulated by quorum sensing.The generation of extracellular polymeric substances is regulated by signal molecules by quorum sensing(QS),thereby changing the biofilm characteristics and enhancing the bioremediation of pollutants.Quorum sensing is a form of cell-cell communication among microorganisms.Through the diffusion of autoinducers among cellular matrix,bacteria can perceive cell density and species complexity and regulate their gene expressions when the concentration of signal molecules reaches a threshold level.So far,many different structural QS signals have been identified.Although many of them are specific among species,some QS signals can be produced and recognized by many species,thereby allowing inter-species communication.N-acyl-homoserine lactones(AHLs)are often employed as QS signal molecules for many Gram-negati

关 键 词：生物修复 生物膜 群体感应 群体感应淬灭 土壤修复 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]