多样化种植对提升耕地质量的作用:进展与展望  

Improvement Cultivated Land Quality by Diversified Cropping System:Advances and Prospects

作　　者：田慎重[1] 管西林 宁堂原[2] 孙涛[1] 张玉凤[1] 边文范[1] 董亮[1] 高新昊[1] TIAN Shenzhong;GUAN Xilin;NING Tangyuan;SUN Tao;ZHANG Yufeng;BIAN Wenfan;DONG Liang;GAO Xinhao(State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management,Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment of Huang-Huai-Hai Plai and Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-Tolerance Germplasm Improvement,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室,农业农村部黄淮海平原农业环境重点实验室,农业农村部废弃物基质化利用重点实验室,济南250100 [2]山东农业大学,农业农村部作物水分生理与抗旱种质改良重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《土壤学报》2024年第3期619-634,共16页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901002,2021YFD1900190);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023MD108);山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)项目(2021CXGC010804)资助。

摘　　要：多样化种植是现代生态农业的重要举措之一,对提高生物多样性、生态服务功能和土壤质量等具有重要意义。在全球粮食供给紧张和耕地短缺背景下,多样化种植在提升我国耕地质量和保障粮食安全中将会发挥越来越重要的作用。但现有研究对多样化种植的理解多集中在提高生物多样性和发挥生态功能等方面,对其提升耕地质量的作用关注较少,特别是多样化种植如何通过改善土壤物理、化学、生物多样性来提高耕地质量和维持土壤健康方面的理解还较为局限。本文在总结多样化种植的内涵及对促进耕地土壤健康和提高生态服务功能作用的基础上,系统梳理了多样化种植对改善土壤物理、化学、生物多样性等方面的作用研究进展,展望了未来以提升耕地质量为核心发展多样化种植亟需关注的方向和研究重点,以期为多样化种植在我国耕地质量提升策略中发挥更大作用提供参考。Diversified cropping system is an important strategy of ecological intensive agriculture.It makes significant improvements to soil quality,ecosystem stability and land productivity.Under the background of a global shortage of food supply and cultivated land,diversified cropping system play an increasingly important role in ensuring food security and improving the quality of cultivated land in China.Currently,diversified cropping system has become a research hotspot in soil,ecology,crop,and tillage sciences.Nevertheless,the research about diversified cropping system in the recent period is more focused on improving its biodiversity and ecological functions but with limited understanding of how these diversified systems impact soil quality and productivity due to the changes of soil physical,chemical,and biological properties.In this paper,we analyzed the connotation of diversified cropping system and its significance on promoting soil health and improving ecological service function,and systematically summarized the advances in the effect of diversified cropping system on some soil properties including:(1)Physical properties:We focused on the improvements of soil porosity,aggregates,water binding capacity,etc.,by different crop root morphology(biological tillage)and straw inputs under diversified cropping system.(2)Chemical properties:We analyzed diversified cropping system optimized light,water,and heat resources to increase the utilization efficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus,promote soil organic carbon sequestration,balance soil nutrients and regulate root exudates,mitigate using differences in spatial and temporal niche and nutrient niche between aboveground and underground parts.(3)Biological properties:We reviewed the biological effect and advantageous changes of soil biodiversity under diversified cropping system including soil microbial diversity,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,soil enzyme activity,and soil animals.However,there are still some challenges limiting the development of diversified cropping sys

关 键 词：多样化种植 耕地质量 土壤健康 轮作 间作 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]