脱硫石膏改良盐碱土壤综合效果评价研究  

A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effect of Desulfurized Gypsum for Improving Saline-alkali Soil

作　　者：姜展博 宁松瑞 王全九[1] JIANG Zhanbo;NING Songrui;WANG Quanjiu(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学,省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安710048

出　　处：《土壤学报》2024年第3期699-713,共15页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41830754,42007008);兵团重大科技项目(2021AA003-2);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2022B02003)共同资助。

摘　　要：为探究区域脱硫石膏改良盐碱土壤的综合效果,通过文献调研统计分析了施加量在0~60 t·hm^(–2)范围内的脱硫石膏,对土壤pH、交换性钠百分率、浸提液电导率和作物产量的变化特征。基于灰色关联分析法和熵权法建立了以脱硫石膏施加量为自变量的盐碱土壤综合改良评价模型。结果表明:施用脱硫石膏可降低土壤pH和交换性钠百分率,提高作物产量(油葵、苜蓿、玉米、水稻、小麦、枸杞和甜高粱),但增加了土壤浸提液的电导率值。随着脱硫石膏施加量的增加,土壤pH和交换性钠百分率的降低率及作物产量的增加率呈先增加后减少的趋势,而土壤浸提液电导率的增加率呈增加的趋势。在中度或重度盐碱土壤为获得作物高产,脱硫石膏施加量不宜超过30 t·hm^(–2)。为综合分析脱硫石膏改良盐碱土壤的效果,本文基于熵权—灰色关联度评价模型,分析脱硫石膏最佳施加量。轻、中度盐碱土施加18~22 t·hm^(–2)的脱硫石膏;重度盐碱土施加23~29 t·hm^(–2)的脱硫石膏可取得良好的改土增产效果。研究成果为脱硫石膏改良盐碱土壤提供参考依据。【Objective】In order to comprehensively study the effect of desulfurized gypsum in improving saline-alkali soils,this paper statistically analyzed the change characteristics of soil pH value,exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP),soil electrical conductivity(EC),and crop yield after applying 0~60 t·hm^(–2)desulfurized gypsum in the northwest,north,northeast,and coastal areas of China through literature search.To achieve this,a comprehensive improvement evaluation model of saline-alkali soil was used in which the desulfurized gypsum amount was designed as an independent variable based on the grey relational analysis and entropy weight method.【Method】Soil pH value and ESP are often used to evaluate the alkalization property of saline-alkali soil while EC is used to evaluate the salinization property of saline-alkali soil.This paper used the data of literature to explore the relative change rates of soil pH,ESP,and EC in 0~20 cm soil layer with and without desulfurized gypsum within 1 year after the crop harvest in order to quantitatively reveal its improvement effect.Grey relational analysis and entropy weight method were used to synthesize three soil indexes to evaluate the improvement effect of desulfurized gypsum on saline-alkali soil.Due to the few literature data on light saline-alkali soil and moderate saline-alkali soil,the application of desulphurized gypsum in severe saline-alkali soil was mostly studied.This paper combined light saline-alkali soil and moderate saline-alkali soil into light and moderate saline-alkali soil for analysis.【Result】Application of desulfurized gypsum reduced soil pH and ESP and increased crop yield,but increased EC.As the application rate of desulfurized gypsum increased,the decrease rate of pH and ESP and the increase rate of crop yield increased first and then decreased whereas the increase rate of EC showed an increasing trend.When the amount of desulfurized gypsum applied to moderate saline-alkali soil and severe saline-alkali soil exceeded 30 t·hm^(–2),the incr

关 键 词：土壤改良 作物产量 pH 交换性钠百分率 土壤电导率 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程] S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]