土壤厚度演化模型理论方法研究进展  

Modelling Soil Thickness Evolution:Advancements and Challenges

作　　者：刘金涛[1,2] 赵薇 刘彧 LIU Jintao;ZHAO Wei;LIU Yu(The National Key Laborary of Water Disaster Prevention,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550081,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水灾害防御全国重点实验室,南京210098 [2]河海大学水文水资源学院,南京210098 [3]中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵阳550081

出　　处：《土壤学报》2024年第2期319-330,共12页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(92047301);国家重点实验室自主研究课题(522012242)资助。

摘　　要：全球平均土壤厚度仅约为1 m,但土壤厚度的空间分布信息在地貌、生态及水文科学等领域的研究和实践中具有重要价值。由于其具有显著的空间异质性,基于现有土壤制图产品、地球物理勘测及经验统计模型难以获取流域尺度土壤厚度分布信息,亟待发展土壤厚度预测的过程机理模型。本文回顾了土壤厚度演化模型理论方法的研究进展,评价了不同土壤生成及输移模型的适用性。研究指出土壤化学风化成土等机理仍不清晰是制约模型发展的理论瓶颈。此外,模型的方法体系仍需完善,亟待进一步发展描述土壤生成和输移的函数形式及其参数的估计方法等,指出物理与随机结合的模拟方法以及基于数学物理途径的参数确定方法等有望解决模型应用中遇到的难题。最后,在土壤厚度演化模型基础上,提出发展基于流域协同演化理论的土壤发生学模型是定量预测土壤理化全要素发生所亟需突破的难点之一。Global soil thickness is only about 1 m.Its spatial distribution is nevertheless crucial in many hydrological and ecological processes,and it also determines hillslope stability and channel initiation in geomorphological fields.Due to its significant spatial heterogeneity,it is difficult to obtain the soil thickness distribution on a catchment scale based on existing soil survey databases,geophysical investigations,or empirical models.Therefore,it is urgent to develop a process-based model for soil thickness prediction.In this study,methodologies and theories were comprehensively reviewed,and the applicability of different soil production and soil transport models were evaluated.This study pointed out that the mechanism of soil production by chemical weathering is still unclear and is a theoretical bottleneck restricting the development of soil thickness evolution models.Moreover,the methodology of the model still needs to be further developed,and it is urgent to develop and improve the parameter estimation methods and the adoption of equation forms for describing soil production and soil transport in such models upon applications.From our analysis,we inferred that a hybrid model combining stochastic and process-based models as well as mathematical physically-based methods for determining parameters may help solve many difficulties faced in model applications.Finally,we discussed the possible integration of soil thickness evolution models and soil pedogenesis models based on the theoretical frame of catchment coevolution for predicting soil thickness,texture,layering and organic carbon content variation in the landscape.

关 键 词：土壤厚度 土壤厚度演化模型 土壤生成 土壤输移 流域协同演化 

分 类 号：S151[农业科学—土壤学]