不同秸秆还田方式下黑土玉米田肥料氮素去向  

The Fate of Fertilizer Nitrogen under Different Straw Returning Methods in Maize Field of Black Soil

作　　者：吴梦娜 王少杰 兰唱 闫旭 冯国忠[1] 高强[1] WU Mengna;WANG Shaojie;LAN Chang;YAN Xu;FENG Guozhong;GAO Qiang(College of Resources and Environment,Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation,Ministry of Education,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院/秸秆综合利用与黑土地保护教育部重点实验室,长春130118

出　　处：《土壤学报》2024年第2期506-514,共9页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U19A2035,41907081);吉林省自然科学基金项目(20200201017JC)资助。

摘　　要：探究不同秸秆还田方式下肥料氮在连续两季作物系统中的去向,为黑土地保护下的氮肥管理提供重要依据。于2020—2021年在吉林梨树开展大田微区试验,设置无秸秆还田(CK)、深翻还田(DTS)、免耕覆盖还田(NTS)3种秸秆还田方式,每种方式下设置2个施氮水平:180 kg·hm^(-2)(N1)和270 kg·hm^(-2)(N2)。结果表明:当季和第二季玉米成熟期植株氮分别有38.0%~46.8%和12.9%~18.6%来源于^(15)N标记氮肥。肥料氮当季平均利用、残留和损失率分别为32.4%~43.9%、32.8%~51.4%和13.2%~32.7%,秸秆覆盖配施适量氮肥(180 kg·hm^(-2))处理下肥料氮当季利用率显著提高29.5%,而秸秆深翻还田则使肥料氮在土壤中的残留率显著增加18.6%。当季施用肥料氮仍有8.5%~14.9%被第二季玉米吸收利用,两季累积利用率达40.9%~58.8%,在高氮(270 kg·hm^(-2))下秸秆深翻还田显著提高肥料氮的第二季利用率及累积利用效率。综上,秸秆覆盖还田配施适量氮肥有利于提高肥料利用效率,而秸秆深翻还田更有利于高施氮量下土壤对肥料氮的保持,增加其被下季作物利用的机会,两者均能显著减少氮的损失。【Objective】Investigating the fate of fertilizer nitrogen in a two-season crop system under different straw returning methods can provide an important basis for nitrogen management under black soil protection.【Method】This study conducted a ^(15)N micro-plot experiment in 2020—2021 at Lishu County of Jilin Province using the ^(15)N tracer technique.Three straw-returning methods were set up:no straw returning(CK),straw deep tillage returning(DTS)and straw mulching with no tillage(NTS).Under each method,two nitrogen levels were set:180 kg·hm^(-2)(N1)and 270 kg·hm^(-2)(N2).【Result】At maturity stage,38.0%-46.8% and 12.9%-18.6% of plant nitrogen in the current season and the second season were derived from 15N labeled nitrogen fertilizer,respectively,and fertilizer nitrogen was mainly distributed in grains(59.8%-68.5% in the current season and 59.3%-79.6% in the second season).The utilization,residual and loss rates of fertilizer nitrogen in the current season were 32.4%-43.9%,32.8%-51.4% and 13.2%-32.7%,respectively.The NTS combined with an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer(180 kg·hm^(-2))significantly increased the utilization rate of fertilizer nitrogen by 29.5%,while DTS significantly increased the residual rate of fertilizer nitrogen in soil by 18.6%.Also,the utilization and loss rates of fertilizer nitrogen in the second season were 8.5%-14.9%and 5.1%-14.6%,respectively.The cumulative utilization,residual and loss rates were 40.9%-58.8%,10.4%-26.4% and 18.4%-47.3%,respectively.Compared with CK,NTS treatment significantly increased fertilizer nitrogen utilization efficiency by 18.3%(N1)and 45.9%(N2)in the second season,while the DTS treatment significantly increased fertilizer nitrogen utilization efficiency in the second season by 42.3%under N2.For the total fate of fertilizer nitrogen in two crops,compared with CK,NTS treatment significantly increased the cumulative utilization efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen by 26.4%(N1)and 21.8%(N2),while DTS treatment significantly increased the tota

关 键 词：^(15)N示踪 秸秆还田 施氮量 肥料氮去向 残留效应 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]