梨树枝条粉碎覆盖对梨园土壤养分和微生物组的影响  

Effects of Pear Pruning Branches Mulching on Soil Nutrition and Microbial Community Structures

作　　者：杨天杰 王孝芳 胡红菊[2] 杨健[3] 藕继旺 王晓祥[5] 郝宝锋[6] 王中华[7] 董彩霞 徐阳春 YANG Tianjie;WANG Xiaofang;HU Hongju;YANG Jian;OU Jiwang;WANG Xiaoxiang;HAO Baofeng;WANG Zhonghua;DONG Caixia;XU Yangchun(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers/National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers,Nanjing 210095,China;Institute of Fruit and Tea,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430209,China;Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,CAAS,Zhengzhou 450009,China;Guizhou Xiaohe District Jinhai Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang 550000,China;Horticulture Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150069,China;Changli Institute of Pomology,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Changli,Hebei 066600,China;Institute of Pomology,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院/江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室/江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心/资源节约型肥料教育部工程研究中心/国家有机类肥料工程技术研究中心,南京210095 [2]湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所,武汉430209 [3]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009 [4]贵阳小河区金海农业科技开发有限公司,贵阳550000 [5]黑龙江省农业科学院园艺分院,哈尔滨150069 [6]河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所,河北昌黎066600 [7]江苏省农业科学院果树研究所/江苏省高效园艺作物遗传改良重点实验室,南京210014

出　　处：《土壤学报》2024年第2期549-561,共13页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家梨产业技术体系岗位专家经费项目(CARS-28);中国博士后科学基金项目(2019M650116);江苏省博士后科研资助计划项目(2018K200C)资助。

摘　　要：梨树整形修剪枝条是一类重要的生物质资源,将其粉碎后覆盖于树下土壤是资源化利用的有效途径。为了科学评估梨树枝条粉碎覆盖对土壤理化性状及微生物群落结构的影响,采集了贵州毕节、河北昌黎、黑龙江哈尔滨、湖北枝江和河南许昌5个不同纬度梨典型种植区梨园枝条覆盖1~2年后的土壤样品,检测了土壤基础理化特性及土壤细菌、真菌和原生生物群落。结果发现,与不覆盖枝条的对照相比,总体而言覆盖能有效提高土壤有机质和有效磷含量,土壤细菌、真菌和原生生物群落结构也发生了显著变化,但对群落多样性无显著影响;覆盖处理显著富集了土壤细菌中的变形菌门、酸杆菌门和真菌中的担子菌门以及原生生物中的孔虫界和囊泡虫类等类群的相对丰度。进一步利用随机森林模型挖掘了不同采样点枝条覆盖后的关键物种,模型预测准确率高达94.44%,关键物种以细菌为主,包括Acidibacter、Xanthobacteraceae、Nitrosomonadaceae等与有机残体降解有关的微生物,还发现土壤有效磷含量是土壤微生物群落结构差异的主要驱动因子。相关研究结果初步评估了梨树枝条覆盖对土壤养分和微生物组的影响,挖掘了潜在的关键微生物。【Objective】As a by-product of fruit tree shaping and pruning,pear branches are important biomass resources.The use of crushed branches for soil mulch under trees is one of the effective ways to utilize waste resources,which is conducive to increasing soil organic matter and improving soil fertility in pear orchards.【Method】In order to assess the effects of short-term pear branch mulching on soil properties and structure of microbial community,soil samples were collected from five pear orchards in different latitudes(Bijie City of Guizhou Province,Changli City of Hebei Province,Harbin City of Heilongjiang Province,Zhijiang City of Hubei Province and Xuchang City of Henan Province)after 1-2 years of mulching.Soil basic physiochemical characteristics of the soil and the bacterial,fungal and protist communities were detected.【Result】Results showed that the soil organic matter and available phosphorus content were significantly increased in pear branches mulching treatment in general,and the soil bacterial,fungal and protists community structure also changed significantly.Specifically,the mulching of pear branches significantly enriched the relative abundance of taxa such as Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria in bacteria,Basidiomycota in fungi,and Rhizaria and Alveolata in protists.The model prediction accuracy was as high as 94.44%,and the key species were mainly bacteria,including Acidibacter,Xanthobacteraceae,Nitrosomonadacee and other microorganisms related to the degradation of organic residues.Soil-available phosphorus content was found to be the main driver of variations in soil microbial community structure.【Conclusion】The study preliminarily assessed the effect of pear tree branch mulching on soil nutrients and microbiome and excavated potential key microorganisms.The findings can serve as a reference for managing the health and fertility of orchard soils.

关 键 词：梨修剪枝条 覆盖 土壤理化性状 微生物组 关键物种 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]