论历史语言学的由来及其发展线索  

On the Origin and Development of Historical Linguistics

作　　者：李葆嘉 LI Baojia(Center for Russian Language Literature&Cultural Studies,Heilongjiang University,Harbin Heilongjiang 150006;Research Center for Chinese Culture and History in Frontier Regions,Yili Normal University,Yining Xinjiang 835000,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学俄罗斯语言文学与文化研究中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150006 [2]伊犁师范大学边疆中华文史研究中心,新疆伊宁835000

出　　处：《常熟理工学院学报》2024年第3期13-29,共17页Journal of Changshu Institute of Technology

基　　金：教育部高校人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目·黑龙江大学俄罗斯语言文学与文化研究中心课题“俄罗斯语言学史专题研究”(22JJD740022)。

摘　　要：19世纪中期以来,西方语言学研究出现了三对重要概念:系统和历史、静态和动态、描写语法和历史语法。保罗(1880)阐述了历史语法原理。斯威特(1891)认为比较语法实际上是历史语法的一个分支。甲柏连孜(1891)将语言史研究分为外部(语言亲属关系证明)和内部(语言发展过程影响)两大部分;把方言研究称为历史语言学的微观工作,并预见了历史语言学向普通语言学的转变。梅耶(1918,1924)认为,历史语言学不但基于比较语言学,而且包括描写语言学,并与普通语言学、社会语言学息息相关。20世纪下半叶以来的历史语言学著作,都从比较语言学原则出发并通过吸收新的理论和方法,把传统历史语言学提升为当代历史语言学。Since the mid-19th century,three pairs of important concepts have emerged in western linguistic research:system and history,the static and the dynamic,descriptive grammar and historical grammar.Paul(1880)elaborated on the principles of historical grammar.Sweet(1891)believed that comparative grammar is actually a branch of historical grammar.Gabelentz(1891)divided the study of language history into the external(proof of language kinship)part and the internal(influence of language development process)one,taking the study of dialects as a micro work of historical linguistics and foreseeing the transition from historical linguistics to general linguistics.Meillet(1918,1924)believed that historical linguistics is not only based on comparative linguistics,but also includes descriptive linguistics,and is closely related to general linguistics and sociolinguistics.Since the second half of the 20th century,research productions on historical linguistics have been based on the principles of comparative linguistics and have elevated traditional historical linguistics to contemporary historical linguistics by absorbing new theories and methods.

关 键 词：历史语言学 历史语法 传统历史语言学 当代历史语言学 比较方法 

分 类 号：H006[语言文字—语言学]