农业组织化实践中的制度秩序与农民行为——基于烤烟收购过程的分析  

Institutional Order and Farmers’Actions in the Practice of Agricultural Organization——A Case Study on the Acquisition of Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：张曾 ZHANG Ceng(School of Marxism,Tsinghua University,Beijing100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学马克思主义学院,北京100084

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期66-74,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(23ASH007);国家社会科学基金一般项目(23BSH068)。

摘　　要：农业的组织化及其秩序是农业社会学的重要议题。通过对烟草农业这一高度组织化的农业实践进行分析发现,农产品收购是实现农业组织化的关键,对生产过程进行契约化的合同管理、对农产品进行标准化的分级定价以及对集中收购进行程序化的预约控制,在制度层面上呈现了农业的组织化秩序。与此同时,农业生产的自然特征和乡村社会的关系网络,使得组织化秩序存在必然的内在张力,从而形成“秩序的间隙”。正因为这些“间隙”在被默许的违规行为中得以弥合,农业组织化的制度秩序才更加具有韧性,农业组织化的目标才真正得以实现。这意味着,农业组织化有着极其复杂的实践逻辑,不仅在于特定作物条件下的制度秩序,更在于具体情境中的农民行为及其社会文化意涵,这是农业组织化的社会基础。Agricultural organization and its inherent order are crucial subjects within the realm of agricultural sociology.A case study of tobacco farming,a highly organized agricultural type,illustrates that the acquisition of agricultural produce is pivotal in achieving a well-organized agricultural system.Contractual oversight of the production process,uniform grading and pricing of agricultural produce,and a systematic approach to centralized procurement collectively form the structured order of agriculture.Concurrently,the innate features of agricultural production and the intricate relationship networks within rural societies generate inherent tensions within this organized order.These tensions are mitigated through subtly allowed“deviations from the rules”.The practical organization of agriculture carries profound implications and it is essential to acknowledge the“gaps in the order”.In other words,the fundamental characteristics of agriculture and the network of rural relationships serve as the indispensable backbone for agricultural organization.

关 键 词：农业组织化 制度秩序 农民行为 农产品收购 农业生产 

分 类 号：C912.82[经济管理] F325[社会学]