安全疏散视角下小学教学楼功能分布研究  

Research on the Functional Layout of Elementary School Buildings Based on the Perspective of Safe Evacuation

作　　者：曹森 张建涛[2] CAO Sen;ZHANG Jiantao

机构地区：[1]郑州大学土木工程学院 [2]郑州大学建筑学院

出　　处：《南方建筑》2024年第5期58-69,共12页South Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51878620):基于疏散模拟的小学教学楼疏散空间整体优化策略与方法。

摘　　要：小学教学楼的安全疏散是保障小学生生命安全的重要环节。从疏散视角,探讨小学教学楼的功能分布方式及其疏散特征,关注因功能分布引起的人员属性及人员数量分布的差异性,借助疏散模拟量化方法从普通教室分布方式与教室综合布置模式两方面研究人员属性、数量与功能分布相关联的规律,并提出小学教学楼功能的适配性、均衡性、整体性的整合优化原则。研究结果为小学教学楼建筑疏散提供基础依据,对相关设计安全疏散研究与实践具有借鉴意义。The safe evacuation of teaching buildings in elementary schools is crucial to student safety.Given the widespread distribution and high density of elementary schools,coupled with the unique attributes of elementary students,the safety of elementary school buildings has become a focus of concern.Currently,there is insufficient research on the evacuation of common buildings such as those used for elementary school teaching.Teaching spaces are the primary functional spaces of teaching buildings in elementary schools and have various layouts and organizational relationships.Their functional layout determines the distribution of personnel.Different functions correspond to different personnel densities and attributes.The functional layout of a building is closely associated with its overall evacuation efficiency.In this study,the functional layout of elementary school buildings and their evacuation characteristics were explored with a focus on differences in personnel attributes and spatial distributions due to different building functions.The relationships between personnel attributes,personnel quantity,and functional layout were examined through evacuation simulations with a focus on two aspects:ordinary classroom distributions and comprehensive classroom layout patterns.Firstly,current studies on the evacuation movements of children in China and abroad were reviewed.The basic operational principles of the evacuation simulation software and the evacuation efficiency evaluation system were outlined.Evacuation drills were conducted at real schools and relevant data were collected.Based on the literature and evacuation drills,parameters for evacuation simulations of elementary school students in China were determined in accordance with the specific conditions in China.Moreover,a simulation analysis was carried out to verify the reliability of this parameter setting.Secondly,simulation studies based on an ordinary classroom distribution and comprehensive classroom distribution were carried out.In the study of the ordinar

关 键 词：小学教学楼 功能分布 人员属性 人员密度 疏散模拟 

分 类 号：TU-022[建筑科学—建筑理论] TU-244.2