基于叶片形态及显微特征评价12个猕猴桃栽培品种的抗旱性  

Evaluation of drought resistance of 12 kiwifruit cultivars based on leaf morphology and microscopic characteristics

作　　者：胡光明 肖涛 彭家清 李大卫[2] 田华[2] 王华玲 肖丽丽 程均欢 黄海雷 吴伟 钟彩虹[2] HU Guangming;XIAO Tao;PENG Jiaqing;LI Dawei;TIAN Hua;WANG Hualing;XIAO Lili;CHENG Junhuan;HUANG Hailei;WUWei;ZHONG Caihong(Economic Crops Research Institute of Shiyan City/Kiwifruit Germplasm Conservation Nursery in Qinba Mountain Area,Shiyan 442000,Hubei,China;Wuhan Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Engineering Laboratory for Kiwifruit Industrial Technology,CAS/The National Actinidia Germplasm Nursery,Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]十堰市经济作物研究所·秦巴山区猕猴桃种质资源圃,湖北十堰442000 [2]中国科学院武汉植物园·中国科学院猕猴桃产业技术工程实验室·国家猕猴桃种质资源圃,武汉430074

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第5期911-928,共18页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-26);湖北省支持种业高质量发展资金-农业种质资源保护利用课题(HBZY2023A001-05);湖北省第四批现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(2023HBSTX4-08);农业农村部物种品种资源保护项目(2130135)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同猕猴桃品种的叶片宏观形态和微观结构特征的差异,筛选抗旱性评价关键指标并进行抗旱性综合评价。【方法】采用多功能图像分析法、石蜡切片法和扫描电镜技术,选取12个猕猴桃栽培品种为材料,对叶片形态、气孔器和表皮毛微特征、解剖结构等24项指标进行观测、记录。通过方差分析明确不同品种的叶片形态和解剖结构的差异,以主成分分析筛选综合指标,运用隶属函数法进行抗旱性综合评价。【结果】不同猕猴桃品种的叶片形态、解剖结构、气孔器及表皮毛特征具有显著差异,相关性分析表明不同指标间具有显著或极显著的相关性,运用主成分分析从24个抗旱相关指标中筛选了叶片宽度、叶形指数、气孔长轴、单簇茸毛数、上表皮细胞厚度、下表皮细胞厚度、栅海比、组织结构紧密度共8项关键性指标。通过隶属函数法比较不同品种间的抗旱能力,抗旱性强弱为:徐香>金美>金霞>海沃德>金艳>金魁>金梅>东红>翠玉>金桃>桂海4号>Hort16A。使用聚类分析将12个猕猴桃品种按抗旱能力聚为5类。【结论】通过对叶片形态及显微结构的分析,评价并筛选到抗旱性相对较强的猕猴桃品种,研究结果为猕猴桃品种改良、品种选择及生产管理等提供了基础理论依据。【Objective】The Actinidia chinensis is the most domesticated species of the genus Actinidia and more than 100 commercially valuable cultivars have been developed.However,few studies have evaluated the drought resistance of different kiwifruit cultivars based on the leaf morphology and microstructure.This research aimed to evaluate the drought resistance of different kiwifruit cultivars by observing and analyzing characteristics,such as leaf morphology,anatomical structure,stomata,epidermis and trichomes.Key indicators for evaluating the drought resistance of kiwifruit cultivars and assessing their drought resistance were identified.【Methods】We selected a total of 12 kiwifruit cultivars(belonging to A.chinensis var.chinensis and A.chinensis var.deliciosa),including Donghong,Guihai No.4,Hort 16A,Jintao,Jinyan,Jinmei,Jinxia,Cuiyu,Jin Mei,Jinkui,Hayward and Xuxiang,as our observation samples.We employed the multifunctional image analysis method,paraffin sectioning method and scanning electron microscopy technique to observe and record the leaf morphology,anatomical structure,stomata and epidermal trichomes of 12 kiwifruit cultivars.A total of 24 traits(designated as X1-X24)were documented.Subsequently,we conducted variance analysis to compare the significant differences in the 24 traits among different cultivars.Then,using principal component analysis,we identified the key traits related to drought resistance from the original set of indicators.Finally,we employed the membership function method to comprehensively evaluate the drought resistance of different kiwifruit cultivars.【Results】There were significant differences in leaf morphology,anatomical structure,stomatal apparatus and the hair of the epidermis among different kiwifruit cultivars.Morphologically,the leaf was heart-shaped or oval-shaped,leaf length(X1)ranged from 10.94 cm to 17.28 cm,leaf width(X2)ranged from 11.39 cm to 16.35 cm,leaf shape index(X3)ranged from 0.93 cm to 1.06 cm,petiole length(X4)ranged from 6.87 cm to 15.91 cm,petiole diamete

关 键 词：猕猴桃 叶片形态 解剖结构 气孔 表皮毛 抗旱性 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]