不同油梨品种果面蜡质超微结构和组分分析  

Ultramicrostructural and compositional analyses of fruit cuticular wax in different avocado varieties

作　　者：薛唯佳 张佳丽 李艳霞 马蔚红 刘进平 王甲水 杨宏宾 XUE Weijia;ZHANG Jiali;LI Yanxia;MA Weihong;LIU Jinping;WANG Jiashui;YANG Hongbin(School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University,Danzhou 571737,Hainan,China;Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences,Haikou 571101,Hainan,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带农林学院,海南儋州571737 [2]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海口571101

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第5期956-967,共12页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630092023006);海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2024XDNY236)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确不同油梨品种果面蜡质的微观结构和化学组成,为深入研究蜡质功能提供基础数据。【方法】以5个不同油梨品种(Peterson、RKYYL6-2、Pollock、Walter Hole和RKYYL8-13)为研究材料,利用阿拉伯树胶分离果实外蜡,通过三氯甲烷提取果实内蜡,利用扫描电镜、GC-MS和GC-FID对油梨果面蜡质的超微结构、化学成分及含量进行研究。【结果】油梨蜡质的晶体结构主要为相互堆叠的片状和颗粒状。油梨外蜡的化学成分由六大类物质组成,分别为烷烃、醛类、酸类、醇类、甾醇和单酰甘油;除以上物质外,油梨内蜡的化学成分还包括生育酚。5个油梨品种的外蜡含量为0.17~0.87μg·cm-2,内蜡含量为2.00~8.22μg·cm-2;其中,RKYYL6-2的外蜡、内蜡含量最低,而Walter Hole的外蜡、内蜡含量最高。进一步对外蜡、内蜡各组分含量在不同品种间进行统计分析,结果表明,Walter Hole外蜡、内蜡中的烷烃(C27除外)、醛类、酸类和醇类含量高于其他品种,且Walter Hole内蜡中的生育酚含量在5个品种中最高;Peterson外蜡、内蜡中的甾醇含量在所有品种中最高;Peterson外蜡中的单酰甘油含量显著高于其他品种,而Walter Hole内蜡中的单酰甘油含量在5个品种中最高。【结论】油梨蜡质的晶体结构通常为片状和颗粒状,不同油梨品种的果实在外蜡、内蜡的含量和化学组成上差异明显。研究结果为进一步明确油梨蜡质的生物学功能奠定了基础。【Objective】The fruit surface is covered with the cuticular wax layer composed of very longchain fatty acids(VLCFA)and their derivatives and alicyclic compounds.The fruit cuticular wax can reduce postharvest water loss,and prevent the invasion of microorganisms and pathogens,playing an important role in the growth,development and post-harvest storage of fruit.Avocado(Persea americana Mill.)is one of the typical climacteric fruit,and postharvest water loss and rot of fruit often occur,causing huge economic losses.However,there have been few reports on the study of avocado fruit cuticular wax.This study aimed to clarify the microstructure and chemical composition of the fruit cuticular wax in different avocado varieties,and provide basic data for further research on the cuticular wax functions.【Methods】In this work,5 avocado varieties(Peterson,RKYYL6-2,Pollock,Walter Hole and RKYYL8-13)were used for the analysis of the fruit cuticular wax.Firstly,we observed the ultrastructure of the avocado fruit cuticular wax using the scanning electron microscope,and then separated and extracted the epicuticular wax and intracuticular wax of the avocado fruit.The extraction methods of the epicuticular wax and intracuticular wax were as follows:firstly the gum arabic was applied evenly on the surface of the avocado fruits to separate the epicuticular wax;then,the fruits were immersed to extract the intracuticular wax of the fruits.The chemical composition and content of epicuticular wax and intracuticular wax of avocado fruit were further analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID.【Results】The observation of scanning electron microscope showed that the cuticular wax crystals on the avocado fruit surface were mainly plates and granules.At×30000 and×100000 magnification,the plates wax crystals were clearly found on the fruit surface on Peterson and RKYYL6-2.The crystals of the cuticular wax of Pollock were relatively small,but the plates structure could also be observed at×100000 magnification.The crystals of the cuticular wax of W

关 键 词：油梨 果实 表皮蜡质 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]