基于地统计分析的核桃园土壤养分空间特征研究  

Spatial distribution characteristics of soil nutrients in walnut orchards based on geostatistical model

作　　者：徐雅雯 吴文丰 王其竹 王代全 徐朝煜 陈万胜 徐永杰[1] XU Yawen;WU Wenfeng;WANG Qizhu;WANG Daiquan;XU Chaoyu;CHEN Wangsheng;XU Yongjie(Hubei Academy of Forestry,Wuhan 430075,Hubei,China;Center for Walnut Technology of Baokang County,Xiangyang 441600,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省林业科学研究院,武汉430075 [2]保康县核桃技术推广中心,湖北襄阳441600

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第5期968-979,共12页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家林业和草原局林业植物新品种及专利保护应用项目(KJZXXP202309);湖北省重点研发计划项目(2022BBA153);湖北省林业科技支撑重点项目([2022]LYKJ10);中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(鄂[2024]TG18)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究核桃园土壤养分的空间特征,了解土壤肥力状况,为核桃园管理单位划分提供依据,从而实现精准施肥。【方法】以湖北保康核桃园为研究对象,采用地统计学和内梅罗法相结合的方法,分析了110块样地的土壤pH值、养分空间特征及肥力水平。【结果】(1)保康县核桃园土壤pH均值为6.68,以中性和微酸性土壤为主,具有弱变异性;有机质、水解性氮、有效钾、有效磷含量(w,后同)均值分别为27.63 g·kg^(-1)、109.41 mg·kg^(-1)、125.43 mg·kg^(-1)和23.74 mg·kg^(-1),具中等变异。(2)中等肥力核桃园占78.3%,肥沃核桃园占20.7%,水解性氮是土壤肥力的主要限制因子;土壤肥力指数与核桃干果每666.7 m2产量呈显著正相关。(3)水解性氮、有效钾含量主要受自然结构的影响,呈现显著空间正向聚集性;有机质、有效磷含量受自然结构和人为因素的双重影响,具有空间正相关性,但空间聚集效应不显著。(4)海拔与水解性氮含量、有效磷含量、土壤肥力指数呈极显著正相关,与有机质含量呈显著正相关,而与有效钾含量无显著相关性。【结论】该地区土壤pH值适宜核桃生长,现存核桃园整体肥力中等偏上,提高土壤肥力能够增加核桃干果产量。土壤空间变异主要受自然结构的影响,其中海拔是影响土壤肥力的关键因素,可以作为核桃园管理单元划分的重要依据。在土壤管理中,需要增施氮肥以提高林地土壤综合肥力。【Objective】Despite the importance of soil nutrient management in walnut orchards,there is little research focusing on the spatial characterization of soil nutrients and the impact of topography on nutrient distribution and overall fertility.Consequently,the purpose of this study was to elucidate the current state of soil nutrient content and fertility,as well as to investigate the spatial characteristics of soil nutrients in walnut orchards.The findings are intended to inform the division of management units within these orchards,making it easier to establish focused and accurate fertilization strategies.Finally,the study aims to enhance soil nutrient management and contribute to the sustainable and efficient production of walnut orchards.【Methods】In this study,a 5 km grid was used to designate 110 plots of walnut orchards in Baokang County.Soil properties,including pH value,organic matter,hydrolyzable nitrogen,available potassium,and available phosphorus,were tested.Soil fertility was thoroughly evaluated using both statistical analysis and the Nemerow index method.Geostatistical analyses were performed using GS+9.0 software to fit the variogram and select the optimal model.Moran’s index was employed to assess the spatial autocorrelation of soil nutrients in the study area,with local spatial autocorrelation clusters identified using local Moran’sⅠ.Kriging method was applied for spatial optimal unbiased interpolation,and spatial distribution maps were created using ArcGIS software.【Results】In Baokang County’s walnut orchards,the average soil pH was 6.68,indicating predominantly neutral to slightly acidic conditions with weak variability.Mean values for hydrolyzable nitrogen(HN),available potassium(AK),organic matter(OM),and available phosphorus(AP)were 109.41 mg·kg^(-1),125.43 mg·kg^(-1),27.63 g·kg^(-1),and 23.74 mg·kg^(-1),respectively,each exhibiting moderate variability.According to the Nemerow index,the soil fertility index ranged from 0.90 to 2.26,with an average of 1.57.Approximately

关 键 词：核桃 地统计 土壤养分 空间分布特征 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]