苹果苦痘病发生规律及防治研究进展  

Research progress in the occurrence and control of bitter pit disorder in apple

作　　者：靖吉越 郭新送 朱福军 杨志峰 范仲卿 张培苹 刘禄 马学文 高涵 JING Jiyue;GUO Xinsong;ZHU Fujun;YANG Zhifeng;FAN Zhongqing;ZHANG Peiping;LIU Lu;MAXuewen;GAO Han(Key Laboratory of Humic Acid Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Shandong Agricultural University Fertilizer Science Tech.Co.Ltd.,Tai’an 271600,Shandong,China;Yantai Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Yantai 264009,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部腐植酸类肥料重点实验室·山东农大肥业科技股份有限公司,山东泰安271600 [2]烟台市农业农村局,山东烟台264009

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第5期990-998,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(2021CXGC010804);泰安市科技创新发展项目(2021NS089)。

摘　　要：钙是苹果生长发育过程中必需的矿质元素之一,缺钙会导致细胞代谢失调,引发苹果苦痘病等生理病害,严重影响果实品质。苹果主要通过根系在土壤中吸收钙,根系吸收的钙在蒸腾拉力的带动下运往地上部,而蒸腾作用弱,导致苹果果实易发生生理缺钙。果实中的钙含量与树种、砧木类型等树体因子和施肥、修剪等农技措施密切相关。综述了苹果苦痘病与钙之间的关系、苹果钙吸收转运、苹果缺钙机制和苹果苦痘病防治的研究进展,以期为提高果树钙吸收能力,增加果实钙含量预防苹果苦痘病,促进果实生长及改善采后贮藏品质,减轻果农负担,促进苹果产业健康可持续发展提供理论依据及指导方法。The apple(Malus pumila)is a deciduous fruit crop of the Rosaceae family and one of the four most important fruit species in the world.China ranks first in the world in per capita consumption and exports of apples.The apple industry plays a key role in the national economy,but the apple fruit quality in China is poor and the proportion of high quality fruit is low.As we all know,calcium is one of the essential mineral elements in the process of apple growth and development,and it is an important component of the cell wall,which plays an important role in maintaining cell membrane homeostasis and intracellular signal transduction.Too high or low intracellular calcium ion concentrations have a negative effect on apples.Keeping intracellular calcium homeostasis plays an important role in plant growth and development and response to stress.The lack of calcium leads to disturbances in cell metabolism,causing apple bitter pit and other physiological disorders,which seriously affect the fruit quality.Apple bitter pit is a physiological disorder caused by calcium deficiency in fruit,manifested by the rupture of flesh cells and the formation of small,dark-coloured indentations.Apple bitter pit often occurs when fruit is close to ripening and during the time of storage,and is most common in the distal part of the fruit.In apple cell,low concentrations of intracellular calcium reduce the stability of cell walls,cell membranes and membrane-bound proteins,but high concentrations are also toxic to the cell,with high concentrations of calcium ion leading to the formation of phosphate precipitates that interfere with phosphate-based energy metabolism and compete with magnesium ions for enzyme binding sites.Ensuring intracellular calcium homeostasis is important for healthy growth of apple.Calcium homeostasis in the cytoplasm of apple involves a variety of calcium transporters and organelles,which form a complex regulatory network.Apple mainly absorbs calcium from the soil through the root and transports it to the above-ground par

关 键 词：苹果 钙 苦痘病 钙吸收能力 防治技术 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]