中苏现代化的比较研究——以20世纪80年代的中苏改革为例  

A Comparative Study of Modernization between China and the Soviet Union:Taking the Reforms of China and the Soviet Union in the 1980s as an Example

作　　者：左凤荣[1] ZUO Fengrong(Institute for International Strategy Studies,Party School of the Central Committee of CPC〔National Academy of Governance〕,Beijing 100091)

机构地区：[1]中共中央党校﹝国家行政学院﹞国际战略研究院,北京100091

出　　处：《中国浦东干部学院学报》2024年第2期26-35,57,共11页Journal of China Executive Leadership Academy Pudong

摘　　要：社会主义的发展实践表明,到20世纪70年代苏联模式的活力已经耗尽。无论是中国还是苏联,要想赶上现代化的步伐,都必须对原来的社会主义模式进行改革。1977年邓小平复出后便开始酝酿改革。1978年中共十一届三中全会正式吹响了改革的号角。苏联则在1985年3月戈尔巴乔夫担任苏共中央总书记后开始改革。在苏联开启改革时,中国已经有了一些成功经验,但苏共并未吸取。中苏两国走的是不同的改革道路,两国在对待传统社会主义理论的态度、经济改革和实现现代化的目标与手段、改革中的政治制度安排、处理自身与世界的关系等方面都存在很大不同,其结果自然也不一样。中国在理论与实践上都突破了苏联模式,开启了新型现代化道路。苏联的改革没有带来国家经济状况的好转和人民生活水平的提高,苏共虽提出很多新理论新概念但得不到民众的认同,最后丧失了政权。The practice of socialist development demonstrates that the vitality of the model of the Soviet Union had been exhausted by the 1970s.In order to catch up with the pace of modernization,both China and the Soviet Union must reform their own original socialist models.In 1977,Deng Xiaoping began to contemplate reforms after his comeback.In 1978,the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee officially sounded the horn of reform.The Soviet Union began its reform after Gorbachev became the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union(CPSU).When the Soviet Union initiated the reform,China already had some successful experiences,but the CPSU did not absorb them.China and the Soviet Union had taken different paths of reform with significant differences in their treatment of traditional socialist theory,goals and means of economic reform and modernization,political system arrangements and international relations,which naturally resulted in different outcomes.China has broken through the model of the Soviet Union in both theory and practice and opened up a new path to modernization.The reform of the Soviet Union did not improve economic conditions and people’s living standards.The CPSU proposed many new theories and concepts but without public recognition,and ultimately,lost its political power.

关 键 词：苏联模式 现代化新路 中苏改革 中苏现代化比较 邓小平 戈尔巴乔夫 

分 类 号：D61[政治法律—政治学] D751.2[政治法律—中外政治制度]