氧化物共晶陶瓷激光增材制造裂纹缺陷形成及抑制研究进展  

Research progress on formation and suppression of crack defects in oxide eutectic ceramics by laser additive manufacturing

作　　者：姚佳彤 苏海军[1,2] 姜浩 陈乾 申仲琳 余明辉 张卓 郭敏 YAO Jiatong;SU Haijun;JIANG Hao;CHEN Qian;SHEN Zhonglin;YU Minghui;ZHANG Zhuo;GUO Min(State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China;Shenzhen Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University,Shenzhen 518057,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学凝固技术国家重点实验室,西安710072 [2]西北工业大学深圳研究院,广东深圳518057

出　　处：《材料工程》2024年第5期34-45,共12页Journal of Materials Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52130204,52174376);航空科学基金项目(20220042053001);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2021B1515120028);陕西省重点科技创新团队计划(2021TD-17);创新特区项目(23-TQ09-02-ZT-01-005);中央高校基本科研业务费(D5000230348,D5000220057)。

摘　　要：氧化物共晶陶瓷以其优异的高比强度、耐高温、耐腐蚀、抗氧化和抗蠕变等独特性能,被认为是超高温氧化腐蚀等极端环境下长期稳定服役的理想材料之一,在新一代高推重比航空发动机高温热端结构部件中具有巨大的应用前景。激光增材制造技术已成为近年来制备高性能复杂结构部件最具潜力的前沿技术,然而陶瓷在激光快速凝固过程中,裂纹缺陷极易产生,严重影响构件的成形质量和性能,成为制约工程化应用的关键。本文综述了激光近净成形和激光粉末床熔融两种典型陶瓷激光增材制造技术,分析对比了两种技术制备的不同形状陶瓷样件的裂纹形态特征,重点从微观组织形态特征、应力状态等角度探讨了激光增材制造氧化物陶瓷裂纹的形成机理,并进一步从工艺参数优化、成分设计、外场辅助等三个方面改善微观组织与减小热应力以抑制裂纹进行系统总结。最后指出氧化物共晶陶瓷激光增材制造在粉末特性、成形主次因素、成形技术研究等方面的未来发展趋势及突破方向。Oxide eutectic ceramics have excellent high specific strength,high temperature resistance,corrosion resistance,oxidation and creep resistance,and so on,which are considered to be the promising materials to be used in ultra-high temperature oxidation,corrosion and other extreme environments. It shows great application prospects in the new generation of high thrust-to-weight ratio aero-engine for hightemperature hot-end structural components. Laser additive manufacturing technology has become one of the most promising cutting-edge technologies for the preparation of high-performance complex structural components in recent years. Crack defect is easy to occur in the process of laser rapid solidification of ceramics,which seriously affects the quality and performance of the oxide eutectic ceramics components.So,it has become a key factor restricting the engineering application. Two typical laser additive manufacturing technologies for ceramics including laser engineered net shaping and laser power bed fusion were briefly summarized. The crack morphology characteristics of different shaped components formed by the above two technologies were analyzed and compared. The formation mechanism of cracks in laser additive manufacturing of oxide ceramics was explored from the perspectives of microstructure characteristics,stress state. Further,a systematic summary was presented focusing on the improvement of microstructures and the reduction of thermal stress to inhibit crack formation through optimization of process parameters,compositional design,and outfield assistance. Finally,it is pointed out that the future development trends and breakthrough directions of oxide eutectic ceramics by laser additive manufacturing in terms of powder properties,forming primary and secondary factors,and forming technology research.

关 键 词：氧化物共晶陶瓷 激光增材制造 裂纹缺陷 形成机理 裂纹抑制 

分 类 号：TQ174[化学工程—陶瓷工业]