生物炭对烟草根际微生物群落结构及青枯病发生的影响  

Effects of Biochar Application on Rhizosphere Microbial Community and Occurrence of Tobacco Bacterial Wilt

作　　者：王建林 王珍珍 琚晨仪 杨亮[2] 肖庆礼 彭奎 谭奇忠 喻希 丁伟[2] WANG Jianlin;WANG Zhenzhen;JU Chenyi;YANG Liang;XIAO Qingli;PENG Kui;TAN Qizhong;YU Xi;DING Wei(China Tobacco Chongqing Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 400060,China;College of Plant Protection,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆中烟工业有限责任公司,重庆400060 [2]西南大学植物保护学院,重庆400715 [3]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2024年第2期46-55,共10页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：重庆中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(YL202201、YL202203)。

摘　　要：为探究不同用量生物炭对烟草根际土壤微生物群落和青枯病发生的影响,在青枯病易发地块采用随机区组设计,在常规施肥基础上,起垄时施用750~7500 kg/hm^(2)的生物炭,团棵期和打顶期采集烟株根际土壤,利用高通量测序,比较了不同用量生物炭对土壤理化性质及根际微生物群落的影响。结果显示,7500 kg/hm^(2)生物炭处理后烟草青枯病的病情指数降低53.66%;4500 kg/hm^(2)生物炭处理对打顶期根际土壤pH、硝态氮、速效磷含量提升效果最好,7500 kg/hm^(2)对土壤有机质、速效钾含量提升效果最佳。根际微生物群落结构分析发现,7500 kg/hm^(2)生物炭处理在团棵期的根际细菌丰富度显著低于其他用量处理;打顶期根际土壤显著富集拟杆菌门;7500 kg/hm^(2)生物炭处理促进打顶期烟株根际土壤中显著富集小梨形菌属(Pirellula)、鞘脂单胞菌属(Sphingopyxis)、Quadrisphaera等细菌属。真菌属水平上,隐球菌属(Cryptococcus)、黑星菌属(Venturia)等在3000 kg/hm^(2)生物炭处理烟株的团棵期根际土壤富集,冗余分析结果表明速效钾是驱动根际微生物群落变化的关键因子。本研究表明,3000~7500 kg/hm^(2)生物炭可有效调控烟株根际微生态群落结构,对烟草青枯病防治具有潜在的应用前景。to investigate the effects of different application rate of biochar on rhizosphere microbial community and occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt,field experiment was performed with randomized block design in the bacterial wilt disease prone plots.Based on conventional fertilization,different doses of biochar were applied ranging 750-7500 kg/hm^(2),tobacco rhizosphere soil samples were collected at rosette and topping stage,and the effect of biochar on composition of the rhizosphere microbial communities was analyzed by using lllumina high-throughput sequencing technology.The results showed that in the the treatment of 7500 kg/hm^(2),the disease index against tobacco bacterial wilt decreased 53.66%,while the treatment of 4500 kg/hm^(2)obtained the best effect on the increase of rhizosphere soil pH,nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus content at topping stage.The treatment of 7500 kg/hm^(2)had the best effect on the increase of soil organic matter and available potassium content.The diversity of rhizosphere microbial in the treatment of 7500 kg/hm^(2)was lower than the other treatments at rosette stage,and Bacteroidetes was significantly enriched in rhizosphere soil at topping stage in the treatment of 7500 kg/hm^(2).Furthermore,the treatment of 7500 kg/hm^(2)could enrich Pirellula,Sphingopyxis,Quadrisphaera in rhizosphere soil at topping stage.At the level of fungal genera,Cryptococcus and Venturia were enriched in the rhizosphere soil of tobacco plants at rosette stage in the treatment of 3000 kg/hm^(2).RDA results indicated that available potassium was the key promotion factor on the change of rhizosphere microbial community.In conclusion,the biochar application of 3000-7500 kg/hm^(2)could change the rhizosphere microbial communities and might have potential application in the control of tobacco bacterial wilt.

关 键 词：生物炭 烟草青枯病 微生物群落 高通量测序 防控效果 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]