多分隔受限场景空间火灾疏散安全性分析  

Analysis of fire evacuation safety in space with multiple partitioned confined scene

作　　者：李华[1] 孙林霞[1] 益朋 LI Hua;SUN Linxia;YI Peng(School of Resource Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an Shaanxi 710055,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学资源工程学院,陕西西安710055

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2024年第5期107-114,共8页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：陕西省社科界重大理论与现实问题研究联合项目(2023HZ1473)。

摘　　要：为了优化密室逃脱类场所的复杂空间布局,基于该场所剧情场景下空间多重分隔、空间狭小、封闭且组合多样等结构特点,分析归纳该场所3种典型的受限场景空间类型,以西安市某密室逃脱类场所建筑布局为例,运用Pathfinder和PyroSim软件对其展开火灾情景下的疏散模拟仿真,进而对比分析不同场景空间的火灾特性指标以及疏散安全性。研究结果表明:密室逃脱类场所3种场景空间中,串联式场景空间人员疏散时间最长(141.53 s),单元式次之(115.53 s),并联式最短(112.28 s);从火灾烟气模拟结果看,串联式场景空间安全出口的温度、CO体积分数以及能见度始终都处于安全临界范围内,而其他2种场景空间均超过临界值,并且能见度降至0.06 m,因此从安全性判定,该密室逃脱类场所只有串联式场景空间人员疏散过程是安全的,并联式和单元式场景空间人员疏散过程中均存在一定危险性。对于密室逃脱类场所这种特定狭小空间,烟气的危害对人员安全疏散的影响尤为显著,因此要在防排烟和火灾荷载方面进行重点防控。研究结果可为密室逃脱类场所的空间结构优化提供消防指导。In order to optimize the complex spatial layout of secret room escape venues,based on the structural characteristics of multiple partitions,narrow spaces,enclosed spaces,and diverse combinations in the plot scene of the venues,three typical types of confined scene space in the venues were analyzed and summarized.Taking the architectural layout of a secret room escape venue in Xi’an as an example,the evacuation simulation under fire scenarios was carried out by using the Pathfinder and PyroSim softwares,and the fire characteristics indexes and evacuation safety of different scene spaces were compared and analyzed.The results show that among the three typical scene spaces of secret room escape venues,the longest evacuation time of personnel in the series type scene space is 141.53 seconds,followed by the unit type as 115.53 seconds,and the shortest evacuation time for the parallel type is 112.28 seconds.From the simulation results of fire smoke,it can be seen that the temperature,CO volume fraction,and visibility of the safety exit in the series scene space are always within the safe critical range,while the other two scene spaces exceed the critical values,and the visibility drops to 0.06 m.Therefore,from the perspective of safety,only the evacuation process of personnel in the series scene space is safe in this secret room escape venue,while there is danger during the evacuation process of personnel in the parallel and unit scene spaces.For the specific narrow spaces such as secret room escape venues,the harm of smoke has particularly significant impact on the safe evacuation of personnel.Therefore,it is necessary to focus on prevention and control of smoke exhaust and fire loads.The research results can provide fire safety guidance for optimizing the spatial structure of secret room escape venues.

关 键 词：密室逃脱类场所 火灾疏散 受限场景空间 多分隔 仿真模拟 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]